Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are potent marine neurotoxins mainly associated with dinoflagellates. European Union (EU) Regulation Nº 853/2004 and its amendments establish the maximum permitted levels for PSTs in bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and gastropods. In Europe, the analyses of...

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Autores: Rey, Verónica, Rossignoli, Araceli E., Rodríguez Hernández, Francisco José, Blanco, Juan, Garrido, Soledad, Ben-Gigirey, Begoña
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/392421
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392421
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003271433
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Health risk
Marine invertebrates
Non-traditional vectors
Northwest Spain
Paralytic shellfish toxins
PSTs
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spelling Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumptionRey, VerónicaRossignoli, Araceli E.Rodríguez Hernández, Francisco JoséBlanco, JuanGarrido, SoledadBen-Gigirey, BegoñaHealth riskMarine invertebratesNon-traditional vectorsNorthwest SpainParalytic shellfish toxinsPSTsParalytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are potent marine neurotoxins mainly associated with dinoflagellates. European Union (EU) Regulation Nº 853/2004 and its amendments establish the maximum permitted levels for PSTs in bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and gastropods. In Europe, the analyses of marine biotoxins for monitoring purposes is mainly focused on bivalve molluscs. Other vectors, including some from the regulated groups, are rarely covered by monitoring programs. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of PSTs across species from eight marine invertebrate groups and fish in Galicia (NW Spain). In total, 533 invertebrates (echinoderms, gastropods, cnidarians, crustaceans, cephalopods, polychaetes, tunicates, porifera and bivalves) and 96 fish samples were collected between April 2021 and September 2023 and analysed using both LC-FLD and LC-MS/MS methods. PSTs were detected in 265 samples in all groups except cephalopods and tunicates. Quantifiable levels were found in 233 samples. Our results show the existence of potential PST vectors other than bivalves, including edible organisms of great economic value. These findings could be extrapolated to other countries with similar harmful algae events and stress the need for further surveys on different groups of marine invertebrates for a better public health protection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PSTs in Littorina spp., Nassarius spp., Patella ulyssiponensis, Balanus spp., Carcinus maenas, Luidia sarsi and Ophiotrix spp. in the EU. Moreover, PSTs are also described for the first time in Nucella spp., Patella spp. and Polybius henslowii from Spain.The present study was included in the work plan of the Reference Laboratory for the control of marine biotoxins funded by the European Commission. We acknowledge also financial support by TOXEMER (PGIDIT-CIMA 21/01, Xunta de Galicia), PRIMROSE (EAPA 182/2016, EU-INTERREG Atlantic Area) and GAIN (GRC-VGOHAB IN607A-2019/04, Xunta de Galicia). The authors greatly acknowledge Intecmar and the staff of the different CIMA departments who supplied naturally contaminated samples from the official monitoring program of the Xunta de Galicia and other areas of interest, respectively. The authors also acknowledge J. Valeiras and E. Velasco for providing samples from DESCARSEL project (IEO-CSIC), and María Barreiro from the EURLMB for fantastic support in the sample preparation and laboratory tasks.Peer reviewedElsevier BVEuropean CommissionXunta de GaliciaInterreg Atlantic AreaCSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)Rey, Verónica [0000-0002-3534-2946]Rodríguez Hernández, Francisco José [0000-0002-6918-4771]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/392421https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003271433reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésThe underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111351https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111351Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3924212026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
title Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
spellingShingle Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
Rey, Verónica
Health risk
Marine invertebrates
Non-traditional vectors
Northwest Spain
Paralytic shellfish toxins
PSTs
title_short Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
title_full Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
title_fullStr Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
title_sort Evaluation of the prevalence of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in non-traditional vectors and potential health risks associated to their consumption
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rey, Verónica
Rossignoli, Araceli E.
Rodríguez Hernández, Francisco José
Blanco, Juan
Garrido, Soledad
Ben-Gigirey, Begoña
author Rey, Verónica
author_facet Rey, Verónica
Rossignoli, Araceli E.
Rodríguez Hernández, Francisco José
Blanco, Juan
Garrido, Soledad
Ben-Gigirey, Begoña
author_role author
author2 Rossignoli, Araceli E.
Rodríguez Hernández, Francisco José
Blanco, Juan
Garrido, Soledad
Ben-Gigirey, Begoña
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Xunta de Galicia
Interreg Atlantic Area
CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)
Rey, Verónica [0000-0002-3534-2946]
Rodríguez Hernández, Francisco José [0000-0002-6918-4771]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Health risk
Marine invertebrates
Non-traditional vectors
Northwest Spain
Paralytic shellfish toxins
PSTs
topic Health risk
Marine invertebrates
Non-traditional vectors
Northwest Spain
Paralytic shellfish toxins
PSTs
description Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are potent marine neurotoxins mainly associated with dinoflagellates. European Union (EU) Regulation Nº 853/2004 and its amendments establish the maximum permitted levels for PSTs in bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and gastropods. In Europe, the analyses of marine biotoxins for monitoring purposes is mainly focused on bivalve molluscs. Other vectors, including some from the regulated groups, are rarely covered by monitoring programs. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of PSTs across species from eight marine invertebrate groups and fish in Galicia (NW Spain). In total, 533 invertebrates (echinoderms, gastropods, cnidarians, crustaceans, cephalopods, polychaetes, tunicates, porifera and bivalves) and 96 fish samples were collected between April 2021 and September 2023 and analysed using both LC-FLD and LC-MS/MS methods. PSTs were detected in 265 samples in all groups except cephalopods and tunicates. Quantifiable levels were found in 233 samples. Our results show the existence of potential PST vectors other than bivalves, including edible organisms of great economic value. These findings could be extrapolated to other countries with similar harmful algae events and stress the need for further surveys on different groups of marine invertebrates for a better public health protection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PSTs in Littorina spp., Nassarius spp., Patella ulyssiponensis, Balanus spp., Carcinus maenas, Luidia sarsi and Ophiotrix spp. in the EU. Moreover, PSTs are also described for the first time in Nucella spp., Patella spp. and Polybius henslowii from Spain.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392421
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003271433
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392421
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003271433
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111351
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111351
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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