The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?

The major raw material documented in the archeological sites of Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a geological material with crystalline appearance, white or colorless, foliated or seemingly massive only at the outcrop scale, with a very high quartz-rich composition, and apparently of metamorphic origin,...

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Autores: Tarriño Vinagre, Antonio, Abalos Villaro, Benito, Puelles Olarte, Pablo, Eguíluz Alarcón, Luis, Díez Martín, Fernando
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/72273
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/72273
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:quartz
quartzite
Olduvai
raw materials
mineral resources
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spelling The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?Tarriño Vinagre, AntonioAbalos Villaro, BenitoPuelles Olarte, PabloEguíluz Alarcón, LuisDíez Martín, FernandoquartzquartziteOlduvairaw materialsmineral resourcesThe major raw material documented in the archeological sites of Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a geological material with crystalline appearance, white or colorless, foliated or seemingly massive only at the outcrop scale, with a very high quartz-rich composition, and apparently of metamorphic origin, named by us in this paper: Crystalline Quartz-rich Raw Material (CQRM). Since the early days of research in Olduvai Gorge, a long-lasting terminological imprecision has allowed defining this material in a confused way as quartz or quartzite. Stubbornness in terminological imprecision reflects the complexity and specificity of CQRM related to a protracted and complex geological history composed by quartz-bearing metamorphic rocks of varied types and origins from recycling and/or tectonic reworking of much older Precambrian orogens and cratons. Currently the term quartzite is preferred by most researchers, despite being materials that have an appearance macro- and microscopic similar to quartz and show a response to fracture mechanics, and cutting-edge functional response is closer to quartz. In our view, it is crucial to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the CQRM from the structural, metamorphic, and petrological perspectives. Bearing this in mind, the main objective of the present study is to build a robust and conclusive petrological background that will enable an accurate identification and classification of this quartz-rich mineral resource. This geological material should be identified as “quartz.” The most diagnostic features supporting this interpretation can be summarized as some of the microstructural relics identified concur undoubtedly with a hydrothermal origin of the quartz and the recognition of special deformational structures at macro and micro scale point to tectono-metamorphic overprint of the hydrothermal quartz under granulite-facies conditions during the Panafrican orogenesis about 640 Ma ago.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the National Plan I + D + i (projects PID2020-118359 GB-I00 and HAR2017-82463-C4-4-P) and the UPV/EHU GIU20/010 research grant.Springer Nature202520252023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/72273reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN/PID2020-118359 GB-I00/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/HAR2017-82463-C4-4-P/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-023-01774-9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/© The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International LicenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Españaoai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/722732026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
title The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
spellingShingle The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
Tarriño Vinagre, Antonio
quartz
quartzite
Olduvai
raw materials
mineral resources
title_short The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
title_full The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
title_fullStr The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
title_full_unstemmed The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
title_sort The crystalline quartz-rich raw material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tarriño Vinagre, Antonio
Abalos Villaro, Benito
Puelles Olarte, Pablo
Eguíluz Alarcón, Luis
Díez Martín, Fernando
author Tarriño Vinagre, Antonio
author_facet Tarriño Vinagre, Antonio
Abalos Villaro, Benito
Puelles Olarte, Pablo
Eguíluz Alarcón, Luis
Díez Martín, Fernando
author_role author
author2 Abalos Villaro, Benito
Puelles Olarte, Pablo
Eguíluz Alarcón, Luis
Díez Martín, Fernando
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv quartz
quartzite
Olduvai
raw materials
mineral resources
topic quartz
quartzite
Olduvai
raw materials
mineral resources
description The major raw material documented in the archeological sites of Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a geological material with crystalline appearance, white or colorless, foliated or seemingly massive only at the outcrop scale, with a very high quartz-rich composition, and apparently of metamorphic origin, named by us in this paper: Crystalline Quartz-rich Raw Material (CQRM). Since the early days of research in Olduvai Gorge, a long-lasting terminological imprecision has allowed defining this material in a confused way as quartz or quartzite. Stubbornness in terminological imprecision reflects the complexity and specificity of CQRM related to a protracted and complex geological history composed by quartz-bearing metamorphic rocks of varied types and origins from recycling and/or tectonic reworking of much older Precambrian orogens and cratons. Currently the term quartzite is preferred by most researchers, despite being materials that have an appearance macro- and microscopic similar to quartz and show a response to fracture mechanics, and cutting-edge functional response is closer to quartz. In our view, it is crucial to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the CQRM from the structural, metamorphic, and petrological perspectives. Bearing this in mind, the main objective of the present study is to build a robust and conclusive petrological background that will enable an accurate identification and classification of this quartz-rich mineral resource. This geological material should be identified as “quartz.” The most diagnostic features supporting this interpretation can be summarized as some of the microstructural relics identified concur undoubtedly with a hydrothermal origin of the quartz and the recognition of special deformational structures at macro and micro scale point to tectono-metamorphic overprint of the hydrothermal quartz under granulite-facies conditions during the Panafrican orogenesis about 640 Ma ago.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/72273
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/72273
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN/PID2020-118359 GB-I00/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/HAR2017-82463-C4-4-P/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-023-01774-9
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
reponame_str Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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