Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas

Feather mites are among the most abundant and commonly occurring bird ectosymbionts. They live permanently on the host body, are adapted to inhabit well-defined host microhabitats and are found in almost all avian groups. Although feather mites have been extensively studied at the taxonomic level, m...

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Autor: Mihaela Stefan, Laura
Tipo de recurso: tesis doctoral
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2016
País:España
Institución:CBUC, CESCA
Repositorio:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
OAI Identifier:oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/402711
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402711
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ocells marins
Aves marinas
Sea birds
Àcars
Ácaros
Mites
Biodiversitat
Biodiversidad
Biodiversity
Evolució (Biologia)
Evolución (Biología)
Evolution (Biology)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
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oai_identifier_str oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/402711
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
title Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
spellingShingle Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
Mihaela Stefan, Laura
Ocells marins
Aves marinas
Sea birds
Àcars
Ácaros
Mites
Biodiversitat
Biodiversidad
Biodiversity
Evolució (Biologia)
Evolución (Biología)
Evolution (Biology)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
title_short Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
title_full Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
title_fullStr Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
title_full_unstemmed Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
title_sort Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mihaela Stefan, Laura
author Mihaela Stefan, Laura
author_facet Mihaela Stefan, Laura
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Gómez Díaz, Elena
McCoy, Karen D.
González-Solís, Jacob
Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ocells marins
Aves marinas
Sea birds
Àcars
Ácaros
Mites
Biodiversitat
Biodiversidad
Biodiversity
Evolució (Biologia)
Evolución (Biología)
Evolution (Biology)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
topic Ocells marins
Aves marinas
Sea birds
Àcars
Ácaros
Mites
Biodiversitat
Biodiversidad
Biodiversity
Evolució (Biologia)
Evolución (Biología)
Evolution (Biology)
Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques
59
description Feather mites are among the most abundant and commonly occurring bird ectosymbionts. They live permanently on the host body, are adapted to inhabit well-defined host microhabitats and are found in almost all avian groups. Although feather mites have been extensively studied at the taxonomic level, much diversity remains undescribed and there are many open questions on the biology, ecology and evolution of feather mites. There is also an ongoing debate on the type of symbiosis, that is, whether bird-feather mite interactions are parasitic, commensalistic or even mutualistic. Therefore, better knowledge of feather mite communities at different levels of their biological organization (i.e., among host individuals, host populations and host species) can contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of feather mite-bird interactions, and of the evolution of parasite biodiversity in general. In this context, the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the evolutionary and ecological factors driving the diversity and community structure of feather mites inhabiting seabirds of the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. More specifically, using a multi-host and multi-mite species community approach, I quantify feather mite morphological and genetic diversity within different seabird species and populations; evaluate the relative importance of host versus geographic structure in influencing the evolution and population structure of seabird feather mites; investigate the spatial distribution and trophic structure within a host individual to identify the driving mechanisms and proximate factors shaping symbiont infra-community structure. Based on morphological criteria, the results show that seabird species harbour a diverse and unique mite fauna composed of 38 species belonging to 10 genera and three families. All seabird species hosted at least three feather mite species, while the richest community was composed of nine mite species. Each seabird genus harboured a distinct feather mite community and only three mite species were shared by two related shearwater genera. Seventeen of the 38 mite species found were new, undescribed species; official descriptions of six are included in this thesis. Overall, molecular data correlated well with morphological species descriptions, but also revealed the presence of six putative cryptic species belonging to four mite genera. The patterns of mite genetic structure were variable both among different sympatric hosts and among the same host species in different geographic regions. Thus, the great majority of mite species from sympatric seabirds exhibited strong host-associated patterns of genetic structure. When comparing mite communities among sibling host species from the same genus, some mite species were genetically unstructured among hosts and localities, whereas other mite species showed higher degree of genetic diversity and among population differentiation. These observed differences correspond to microhabitat use on the host body. No genetic differentiation among localities was found for feather mites, suggesting that mite dispersal regularly occurs between host populations. The distribution of two widely abundant mite species that co-occur on the flight feathers of a single seabird species, Calonectris borealis, showed clear spatial segregation among feathers; one species preferred the central primaries, whereas the other was restricted to the outermost primaries. This pattern resulted from a combination of habitat-specific adaptations and ongoing competition. In addition, isotopic analyses of mite diet indicated that the two mite species share the same host food resources, probably preen gland oil complemented with exogenous material. Altogether, this thesis highlights the vast and largely unrecognized diversity of feather mites harboured by seabirds, provides a comprehensive characterization of the patterns of seabird-feather mite species/lineages associations and contributes to a better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have lead to their high diversity.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016
2017
2017
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402711
url http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402711
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 275 p.
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat de Barcelona
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat de Barcelona
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
instname:CBUC, CESCA
instname_str CBUC, CESCA
reponame_str TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
collection TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Diversity, ecology and evolution of feather mites in seabirds = Diversidad, ecología y evolución de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinasMihaela Stefan, LauraOcells marinsAves marinasSea birdsÀcarsÁcarosMitesBiodiversitatBiodiversidadBiodiversityEvolució (Biologia)Evolución (Biología)Evolution (Biology)Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques59Feather mites are among the most abundant and commonly occurring bird ectosymbionts. They live permanently on the host body, are adapted to inhabit well-defined host microhabitats and are found in almost all avian groups. Although feather mites have been extensively studied at the taxonomic level, much diversity remains undescribed and there are many open questions on the biology, ecology and evolution of feather mites. There is also an ongoing debate on the type of symbiosis, that is, whether bird-feather mite interactions are parasitic, commensalistic or even mutualistic. Therefore, better knowledge of feather mite communities at different levels of their biological organization (i.e., among host individuals, host populations and host species) can contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of feather mite-bird interactions, and of the evolution of parasite biodiversity in general. In this context, the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the evolutionary and ecological factors driving the diversity and community structure of feather mites inhabiting seabirds of the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. More specifically, using a multi-host and multi-mite species community approach, I quantify feather mite morphological and genetic diversity within different seabird species and populations; evaluate the relative importance of host versus geographic structure in influencing the evolution and population structure of seabird feather mites; investigate the spatial distribution and trophic structure within a host individual to identify the driving mechanisms and proximate factors shaping symbiont infra-community structure. Based on morphological criteria, the results show that seabird species harbour a diverse and unique mite fauna composed of 38 species belonging to 10 genera and three families. All seabird species hosted at least three feather mite species, while the richest community was composed of nine mite species. Each seabird genus harboured a distinct feather mite community and only three mite species were shared by two related shearwater genera. Seventeen of the 38 mite species found were new, undescribed species; official descriptions of six are included in this thesis. Overall, molecular data correlated well with morphological species descriptions, but also revealed the presence of six putative cryptic species belonging to four mite genera. The patterns of mite genetic structure were variable both among different sympatric hosts and among the same host species in different geographic regions. Thus, the great majority of mite species from sympatric seabirds exhibited strong host-associated patterns of genetic structure. When comparing mite communities among sibling host species from the same genus, some mite species were genetically unstructured among hosts and localities, whereas other mite species showed higher degree of genetic diversity and among population differentiation. These observed differences correspond to microhabitat use on the host body. No genetic differentiation among localities was found for feather mites, suggesting that mite dispersal regularly occurs between host populations. The distribution of two widely abundant mite species that co-occur on the flight feathers of a single seabird species, Calonectris borealis, showed clear spatial segregation among feathers; one species preferred the central primaries, whereas the other was restricted to the outermost primaries. This pattern resulted from a combination of habitat-specific adaptations and ongoing competition. In addition, isotopic analyses of mite diet indicated that the two mite species share the same host food resources, probably preen gland oil complemented with exogenous material. Altogether, this thesis highlights the vast and largely unrecognized diversity of feather mites harboured by seabirds, provides a comprehensive characterization of the patterns of seabird-feather mite species/lineages associations and contributes to a better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that have lead to their high diversity.Los ácaros de las plumas son unos de los ectosimbiontes más abundantes y comunes que se encuentran en casi todos los grupos de aves. Aunque han sido ampliamente estudiados a nivel taxonómico, mucha diversidad permanece sin ser descrita y todavía hay muchas preguntas abiertas sobre la biología, ecología y evolución de estos ectosimbiontes. Un mejor conocimiento de las comunidades de los ácaros de las plumas en diferentes niveles de su organización biológica puede contribuir a nuestra comprensión de la ecología evolutiva de las interacciones entre aves y ácaros, y de la evolución de la biodiversidad de los parásitos en general. El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido investigar los factores evolutivos y ecológicos que influyen la diversidad y la estructura de la comunidad de los ácaros de las plumas en aves marinas del Océano Atlántico y del Mediterráneo. Las especies de aves albergan una fauna de ácaros diversa y única compuesta por 38 especies perteneciendo a 10 géneros y tres familias. Cada género de ave albergaba una comunidad distinta de ácaros y solo tres especies de ácaros fueron compartidos por dos géneros cercanos de pardelas. Diecisiete de las 38 especies encontradas eran nuevas, no descritas; descripciones formales de seis especies están incluidas en esta tesis. Los datos moleculares correlacionaron bien con las descripciones morfológicas, pero también revelaron la presencia de seis especies cripticas pertenecientes a cuatro géneros de ácaros. Los patrones de la estructura genética de los ácaros fueron variables tanto entre los diferentes huéspedes simpátricos y entre la misma especie de huésped en diferentes regiones geográficas. La gran mayoría de las especies de ácaros de aves marinas simpátricas exhibió fuertes patrones de estructura genética asociados al huésped. Al comparar las comunidades de ácaros entre especies hermanas del mismo género de huésped, algunas especies de ácaros no estaban genéticamente estructuradas tanto entre huéspedes como entre localidades, mientras que otras especies presentaron diferenciación entre poblaciones. Estas diferencias observadas corresponden con el uso de microhabitats en el cuerpo del huésped. No se encontró ninguna diferenciación genética entre las localidades para los ácaros, sugiriendo que la dispersión de los ácaros se produce regularmente entre las poblaciones de huéspedes. La distribución de dos especies de ácaros que coocurren en las plumas del vuelo de Calonectris borealis mostró una clara segregación espacial entre plumas resultada de una combinación de adaptaciones específicas de hábitat y la competición en curso. Los análisis isotópicos de la dieta de los ácaros indicaron que las dos especies de ácaros comparten los mismos recursos alimenticios provenientes del huésped, probablemente aceite de la glándula uropígeal y material exógeno. En conjunto, esta tesis destaca la gran y poco conocida diversidad de los ácaros de las plumas albergada por las aves marinas y contribuye a una mejor comprensión de los procesos ecológicos y evolutivos que conlleva dicha alta diversidad.Universitat de BarcelonaGómez Díaz, ElenaMcCoy, Karen D.González-Solís, JacobUniversitat de Barcelona. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals201720172016info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion275 p.application/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10803/402711TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Redinstname:CBUC, CESCAInglésL'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:www.tdx.cat:10803/4027112026-06-14T12:46:07Z
score 15.300719

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