The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe

In recent times, there has been an increase in social and health research focused on improving citizens' health and equity. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyse how health resources influence income inequality and, through this, to understand the relevance of public heal...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Ferreiro Pérez, Adrián, Ferreiro-Seoane, Francisco-Jesús, Martínez Lourido, A., Fernández Pérez, Cristina, Reyes Santías, F.
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
Repositorio:Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:minerva.usc.gal:10347/46243
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10347/46243
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:health resources
income inequality
Europe
public policy
quantitative research
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spelling The influence of health resources on income inequality in EuropeFerreiro Pérez, AdriánFerreiro-Seoane, Francisco-JesúsMartínez Lourido, A.Fernández Pérez, CristinaReyes Santías, F.health resourcesincome inequalityEuropepublic policyquantitative researchIn recent times, there has been an increase in social and health research focused on improving citizens' health and equity. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyse how health resources influence income inequality and, through this, to understand the relevance of public health policies on social equity. For this purpose, unbalanced panel data from 32 European countries were used for the period 2005–2020 and a random effects model is employed. Results show different values depending on the type of expenditure considered in the model and whether robust errors are applied during estimation, but in general they indicate a significant negative influence of most of the health variables used on income inequality, especially public health expenditure. In contrast, the number of physicians per thousand inhabitants seem to encourage inequality, which could be due to inefficiencies in the allocation of this resource. Regarding the incorporation of dummy variables into the models, it can be concluded that income inequality in countries with a mixed health system is not significantly different from that in countries with a national health system, while such inequality is lower in countries with a social health insurance system than in those with a national health system, although the difference is not significant with robust errors. All this shows that public health policies aimed at increasing investment in health can be a great support in the fight against income inequality, especially those that impact equity in the financing and distribution of health resources.SageUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía AplicadaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina20262026-02-1220262026-02-12journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501AMhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10347/46243reponame:Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostelainstname:Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:minerva.usc.gal:10347/462432026-06-15T12:47:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
title The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
spellingShingle The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
Ferreiro Pérez, Adrián
health resources
income inequality
Europe
public policy
quantitative research
title_short The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
title_full The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
title_fullStr The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
title_full_unstemmed The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
title_sort The influence of health resources on income inequality in Europe
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ferreiro Pérez, Adrián
Ferreiro-Seoane, Francisco-Jesús
Martínez Lourido, A.
Fernández Pérez, Cristina
Reyes Santías, F.
author Ferreiro Pérez, Adrián
author_facet Ferreiro Pérez, Adrián
Ferreiro-Seoane, Francisco-Jesús
Martínez Lourido, A.
Fernández Pérez, Cristina
Reyes Santías, F.
author_role author
author2 Ferreiro-Seoane, Francisco-Jesús
Martínez Lourido, A.
Fernández Pérez, Cristina
Reyes Santías, F.
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Aplicada
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Radioloxía, Saúde Pública, Enfermaría e Medicina
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv health resources
income inequality
Europe
public policy
quantitative research
topic health resources
income inequality
Europe
public policy
quantitative research
description In recent times, there has been an increase in social and health research focused on improving citizens' health and equity. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyse how health resources influence income inequality and, through this, to understand the relevance of public health policies on social equity. For this purpose, unbalanced panel data from 32 European countries were used for the period 2005–2020 and a random effects model is employed. Results show different values depending on the type of expenditure considered in the model and whether robust errors are applied during estimation, but in general they indicate a significant negative influence of most of the health variables used on income inequality, especially public health expenditure. In contrast, the number of physicians per thousand inhabitants seem to encourage inequality, which could be due to inefficiencies in the allocation of this resource. Regarding the incorporation of dummy variables into the models, it can be concluded that income inequality in countries with a mixed health system is not significantly different from that in countries with a national health system, while such inequality is lower in countries with a social health insurance system than in those with a national health system, although the difference is not significant with robust errors. All this shows that public health policies aimed at increasing investment in health can be a great support in the fight against income inequality, especially those that impact equity in the financing and distribution of health resources.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-02-12
2026
2026-02-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
AM
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10347/46243
url https://hdl.handle.net/10347/46243
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sage
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sage
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
instname:Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
instname_str Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
reponame_str Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
collection Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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