Increased Risk of Myositis-Specific and Myositis-Associated Autoantibodies After COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccination

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines may trigger autoimmune responses in predisposed individuals. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are diseases with diverse clinical manifestations, often associated with myositis autoantibodies (MAs). Diagnosing IIM...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: García-Bravo, Laura, Prada, Alvaro, Gutiérrez Larrañaga, María, Espinosa Ros, Eduardo|||0009-0004-6588-8327, Almeida González, Delia, Martín Martínez, Dolores, Rodríguez Sánchez, Telesforo, Mingorance Gámez, Carlos Gustavo, Jurado Roger, Aurora|||0000-0001-9092-8758, Aguado Álvarez, Rocío|||0000-0002-7120-5631, Díaz Luna, María De Las Mercedes, Rodríguez Hernández, Carmen, de la Varga-Martínez, Raquel, López-Cueto, María, Julià Benique, María Rosa, San José-Cascón, Miriam, Quirant, Bibiana|||0000-0002-3875-8074, Martínez-Chamorro, Alba, Marcaida-Benito, Goitzane, Timoneda Timoneda, Pilar Teresa, Fandos Sánchez, Marta, Sacristán Enciso, Beatriz, Mohamed Mohamed, Kauzar|||0000-0002-6501-1689, Guerra-Galán, Teresa, Villegas, Ángela, Roncancio-Clavijo, Andrés, Rodríguez-Mahou, Margarita, Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia|||0000-0001-9585-6167, Fernández-Arquero, Miguel, Candelas-Rodríguez, Gloria, Ochoa-Grullón, Juliana|||0000-0002-5218-7108
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:311580
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/311580
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/biomedicines12122800
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Myositis autoantibodies
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Anti-synthetase syndrome
Anti-aminoacyl-trna synthetase autoantibodies
Line blot immunoassays
Coronavirus disease 2019
SARS-CoV-2 infection
COVID-19 vaccine
Mrna vaccine
Descripción
Sumario:Background: Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines may trigger autoimmune responses in predisposed individuals. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are diseases with diverse clinical manifestations, often associated with myositis autoantibodies (MAs). Diagnosing IIM is challenging due to limitations in classification criteria and diagnostic assays. This study aimed to describe the incidence of IIM following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and compare rates between exposures. Methods: A multicenter observational study was conducted with 788 patients from 11 Spanish referral centers. A total of 1209 autoantibodies including myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs), were analyzed using line blot immunoassay (LIA). Results: The study identified distinct patterns in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibody frequencies compared to pre-pandemic periods. Anti-PL-7 was the most prevalent ARS antibody (14.85%), while anti-Jo-1 was less frequent (7.23%). Anti-MDA5, commonly linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, was detected in 11.68%. ANA positivity was observed in 60.66%, suggesting an autoimmune background. The most frequent diagnoses were anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) or IIM-non-ASSD (21.31%), followed by other systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) (13.57%). Among the cohort, 91.13% received at least one dose of a messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine, with a median of three doses per patient. Patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or heterologous vaccination showed a higher frequency of multiple autoantibody positivity (p < 0.05), reflecting distinct immune signatures. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the autoimmune risks and phenotypes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, establishing a basis for further research on IIM and its link to MSAs and MAAs.

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