A network algorithm for the X chromosomal exact test for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with multiple alleles

Statistical methodology for testing the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at X chromosomal variants has recently experienced considerable development. Up to a few years ago, testing X chromosomal variants for equilibrium was basically done by applying autosomal test procedures to females only. At present,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Graffelman, Jan|||0000-0003-3900-0780, Ortoleva, Leonardo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/343817
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/343817
https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13373
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Biomathematics
Numerical analysis--Simulation methods
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Indel
Microsatellite
Network algorithm
Permutation test
X chromosome
Biomatemàtica
Anàlisi numèrica
Classificació AMS::92 Biology and other natural sciences::92B Mathematical biology in general
Classificació AMS::65 Numerical analysis::65C Probabilistic methods, simulation and stochastic differential equations
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Matemàtiques i estadística::Matemàtica aplicada a les ciències
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Matemàtiques i estadística::Anàlisi numèrica
Descripción
Sumario:Statistical methodology for testing the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at X chromosomal variants has recently experienced considerable development. Up to a few years ago, testing X chromosomal variants for equilibrium was basically done by applying autosomal test procedures to females only. At present, male alleles can be taken into account in asymptotic and exact test procedures for both the bi-and multiallelic case. However, current X chromosomal exact procedures for multiple alleles rely on a classical full enumeration algorithm and are computationally expensive, and in practice not feasible for more than three alleles. In this article, we extend the autosomal network algorithm for exact Hardy-Weinberg testing with multiple alleles to the X chromosome, achieving considerable reduction in computation times for multiallelic variants with up to five alleles. The performance of the X chromosomal network algorithm is assessed in a simulation study. Beyond four alleles, a permutation test is, in general, the more feasible approach. A detailed description of the algorithm is given, and examples of X chromosomal indels and microsatellites are discussed.