Analysis of the cardiovascular response to autonomic nervous system modulation in Brugada syndrome patients
Brugada syndrome (BS) is a genetic arrhythmogenic disease characterized by a distinctive electrocardiographic pattern, associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) in absence of structural cardiopathies. Its complex and multifactorial nature turns r...
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| Formato: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2017 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | CBUC, CESCA |
| Repositorio: | TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/461612 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461612 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-114608 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdica 311 616.1 68 |
| Resumo: | Brugada syndrome (BS) is a genetic arrhythmogenic disease characterized by a distinctive electrocardiographic pattern, associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) in absence of structural cardiopathies. Its complex and multifactorial nature turns risk stratification into a major challenge. Although variations in autonomic modulation are commonly related to arrhythmic events in this population, novel markers with higher predictive values are still needed so as to identify those patients at high risk. The autonomic function can be better characterized through the application of standardized maneuvers stimulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS), such as exercise testing or the head-up tilt (HUT) test. Therefore, in this PhD thesis a thorough evaluation of the cardiovascular response to ANS modulations overnight is proposed, as well as in response to exercise and HUT testing, on a clinical database composed of BS patients with different levels of risk (symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects). In this context, the autonomic function was assessed by three main approaches. First, through the characterization and comparison of previously described methods capturing heart rate complexity, baroreflex sensitivity, and non-stationary heart rate variability, never before studied in the context of BS patients; in order to identify new markers capable of distinguishing between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. According to the results, a lower variability and complexity overnight, as well as a higher vagal tone and a lower sympathetic activity both during exercise and HUT testing, was observed in the symptomatic group. In a second analysis, in order to address the multifactorial nature of the disease, a multivariate approach based on a step-based machine learning method was introduced. By employing features extracted at signal-processing analysis, robust classifiers capable of identifying patients at high risk were proposed. The classifier based on autonomic features extracted during nighttime analysis presented the best performance (AUC=95%), improving previously reported predictive models of risk in BS based on non-invasive parameters. Finally, the third part of this work was focused on the implementation of novel mathematical models and the associated model analysis methods, so as to study the autonomic mechanisms regulating the mechanical and circulatory functions of the cardiovascular system in this population. First, by the integration and evaluation of a computational model capturing the cardiovascular system's dynamics and its autonomic regulation in response to HUT testing. Likewise, a second model-based approach based on a recursive identification of the sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to ANS regulation was proposed in order to estimate the time-varying autonomic response to exertion and subsequent recovery. The results showed a reduced contractility function, as well as a significantly greater parasympathetic activity during exercise, in symptomatic patients. Finally, in order to combine characteristics extracted from model-based approaches, a prospective study introduced a multivariate classifier based on estimated model parameters. Overall, the obtained results indicate important trends of clinical relevance that provide new insights into the underlying autonomic mechanisms regulating the cardiovascular system in BS, improving physiopathology and prognosis interpretation, with a potential future impact on therapeutic strategies. The proposed approach is presented as a potential instrument for the identification of those asymptomatic patients at high risk who may benefit from a cardioverter defibrillator implantation. |
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