First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration

We present the calibration and reduction of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm radio wavelength observations of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the radio galaxy M87 and the quasar 3C 279, taken during the 2017 April 5–11 observing campaign. These global very long baseline in...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, Alberdi, Antxón, Gómez Fernández, José L.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/179927
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/179927
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Black hole physics
Galaxies: individual (M87, 3C279)
Galaxies: jets
Techniques: high angular resolution
Techniques: interferometric
id ES_ba76cb5cf8937b0dc589ebddc8bf68e7
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/179927
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
title First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
spellingShingle First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Black hole physics
Galaxies: individual (M87, 3C279)
Galaxies: jets
Techniques: high angular resolution
Techniques: interferometric
title_short First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
title_full First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
title_fullStr First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
title_full_unstemmed First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
title_sort First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Alberdi, Antxón
Gómez Fernández, José L.
author The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
author_facet The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Alberdi, Antxón
Gómez Fernández, José L.
author_role author
author2 Alberdi, Antxón
Gómez Fernández, José L.
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Academy of Finland
European Commission
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
John Templeton Foundation
China Scholarship Council
Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile)
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)
European Research Council
Generalitat Valenciana
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España)
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Japanese Government
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max Planck Society
Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
NASA
National Science Foundation (US)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
National Research Foundation of Korea
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
National Research Foundation (South Africa)
Russian Science Foundation
Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
Alberdi, Antxón [0000-0002-9371-1033]
Gómez Fernández, J. L. [0000-0003-4190-7613]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Black hole physics
Galaxies: individual (M87, 3C279)
Galaxies: jets
Techniques: high angular resolution
Techniques: interferometric
topic Black hole physics
Galaxies: individual (M87, 3C279)
Galaxies: jets
Techniques: high angular resolution
Techniques: interferometric
description We present the calibration and reduction of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm radio wavelength observations of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the radio galaxy M87 and the quasar 3C 279, taken during the 2017 April 5–11 observing campaign. These global very long baseline interferometric observations include for the first time the highly sensitive Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA); reaching an angular resolution of 25 μas, with characteristic sensitivity limits of ~1 mJy on baselines to ALMA and ~10 mJy on other baselines. The observations present challenges for existing data processing tools, arising from the rapid atmospheric phase fluctuations, wide recording bandwidth, and highly heterogeneous array. In response, we developed three independent pipelines for phase calibration and fringe detection, each tailored to the specific needs of the EHT. The final data products include calibrated total intensity amplitude and phase information. They are validated through a series of quality assurance tests that show consistency across pipelines and set limits on baseline systematic errors of 2% in amplitude and 1° in phase. The M87 data reveal the presence of two nulls in correlated flux density at ~3.4 and ~8.3 Gλ and temporal evolution in closure quantities, indicating intrinsic variability of compact structure on a timescale of days, or several light-crossing times for a few billion solar-mass black hole. These measurements provide the first opportunity to image horizon-scale structure in M87.© 2019. The American Astronomical Society
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2019
2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/179927
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/179927
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/731016
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/610058
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-80889-P
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/SEV-2017-0709
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/730562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Physics Publishing
American Astronomical Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Institute of Physics Publishing
American Astronomical Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869417900213796864
spelling First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and CalibrationThe Event Horizon Telescope CollaborationAlberdi, AntxónGómez Fernández, José L.Black hole physicsGalaxies: individual (M87, 3C279)Galaxies: jetsTechniques: high angular resolutionTechniques: interferometricWe present the calibration and reduction of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm radio wavelength observations of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the radio galaxy M87 and the quasar 3C 279, taken during the 2017 April 5–11 observing campaign. These global very long baseline interferometric observations include for the first time the highly sensitive Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA); reaching an angular resolution of 25 μas, with characteristic sensitivity limits of ~1 mJy on baselines to ALMA and ~10 mJy on other baselines. The observations present challenges for existing data processing tools, arising from the rapid atmospheric phase fluctuations, wide recording bandwidth, and highly heterogeneous array. In response, we developed three independent pipelines for phase calibration and fringe detection, each tailored to the specific needs of the EHT. The final data products include calibrated total intensity amplitude and phase information. They are validated through a series of quality assurance tests that show consistency across pipelines and set limits on baseline systematic errors of 2% in amplitude and 1° in phase. The M87 data reveal the presence of two nulls in correlated flux density at ~3.4 and ~8.3 Gλ and temporal evolution in closure quantities, indicating intrinsic variability of compact structure on a timescale of days, or several light-crossing times for a few billion solar-mass black hole. These measurements provide the first opportunity to image horizon-scale structure in M87.© 2019. The American Astronomical SocietyThe authors of this Letter thank the following organizations and programs: the Academy of Finland (projects 274477, 284495, 312496); the Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA (AENEAS) project, supported by the European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action under grant agreement 731016; the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung; the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, through a grant (60477) from the John Templeton Foundation; the China Scholarship Council; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT, Chile, via PIA ACT172033, Fondecyt 1171506, BASAL AFB170002, ALMA-conicyt 31140007); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, Mexico, projects 104497, 275201, 279006, 281692); the Delaney Family via the Delaney Family John A. Wheeler Chair at Perimeter Institute; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico-Universidad Nacional 9 The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 875:L1 (17pp), 2019 April 10 The EHT Collaboration et al. Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM, project IN112417); the European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant “BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes” (grant 610058); the Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant APOSTD/2018/177; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grants GBMF-3561, GBMF-5278); the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Napoli, iniziative specifiche TEONGRAV; the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne; the Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO); the Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellowship (JP17J08829); JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships; the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, ChineseAcademy of Sciences (CAS, grants QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008); the Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship; the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG); the Max Planck Partner Group of the MPG and the CAS; the MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI (grants 18KK0090, JP18K13594, JP18K03656, JP18H03721, 18K03709, 18H01245, 25120007); the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds; the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 106-2112-M001-011, 106-2119-M-001-027, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107- 2119-M-001-020, and 107-2119-M-110-005); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant 80NSSC17K0649); the National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant 2016YFA0400704, 2016YFA0400702); the National Science Foundation (NSF, grants AST-0096454, AST-0352953, AST-0521233, AST0705062, AST-0905844, AST-0922984, AST-1126433, AST1140030, DGE-1144085, AST-1207704, AST-1207730, AST1207752, MRI-1228509, OPP-1248097, AST-1310896, AST1312651, AST-1337663, AST-1440254, AST-1555365, AST1715061, AST-1615796, AST-1614868, AST-1716327, OISE1743747, AST-1816420); the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 11573051, 11633006, 11650110427, 10625314, 11721303, 11725312, 11873028, 11873073, U1531245, 11473010); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, including a Discovery Grant and the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program); the National Youth Thousand Talents Program of China; the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant 2015-R1D1A1A01056807, the Global PhD Fellowship Grant: NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, and the Korea Research Fellowship Program: NRF-2015H1D3A1066561); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award (grant 639.043.513) and Spinoza Prize (SPI 78-409); the New Scientific Frontiers with PrecisionRadio Interferometry Fellowship awarded by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of South Africa; the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) national infrastructure, for the provisioning of its facilities/observational support (OSO receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under grant 2017-00648); the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade); the Russian Science Foundation (grant 17-12-01029); the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P); the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709); the Toray Science Foundation; the US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory (operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE (Contract 89233218CNA000001)); the Italian Ministero dell’Istruzione Università e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA (CUP C52I13000140001); the European Unionʼs Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730562 RadioNet; ALMA North America Development Fund; Chandra TM6-17006XPeer reviewedInstitute of Physics PublishingAmerican Astronomical SocietyAcademy of FinlandEuropean CommissionAlexander von Humboldt FoundationJohn Templeton FoundationChina Scholarship CouncilComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)European Research CouncilGeneralitat ValencianaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España)Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareJapanese GovernmentJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesMax Planck SocietyMinistry of Science and Technology (Taiwan)NASANational Science Foundation (US)National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNational Research Foundation of KoreaNetherlands Organization for Scientific ResearchNational Research Foundation (South Africa)Russian Science FoundationMinistero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della RicercaAlberdi, Antxón [0000-0002-9371-1033]Gómez Fernández, J. L. [0000-0003-4190-7613]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]201920192019info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/179927reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/731016info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/610058info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2015-63939-C2-1-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AYA2016-80889-Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/SEV-2017-0709info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/730562http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c57Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1799272026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15,811543

Similares en LA Referencia