Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector

The COVID-19 pandemic has meant a serious risk to the economic viability of companies and the sustainability of employment in the restaurant sector, a high-impact activity for the economy and employment in Mexico and Spain. This paper analyzes the causes of the prolonged and intense damage to compan...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Fernández-de-Caleya-Dalmau, Ramón, Ramos-Abascal, María Isabel, Maylín-Aguilar, Caridad
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
Repositorio:DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddfv.ufv.es:10641/7539
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10641/7539
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Mexico
Spain
business survival
human capital
multilevel analysis
pandemic
resignation
restaurants
Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)
Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Yes
yes
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spelling Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant SectorFernández-de-Caleya-Dalmau, RamónRamos-Abascal, María IsabelMaylín-Aguilar, CaridadMexicoSpainbusiness survivalhuman capitalmultilevel analysispandemicresignationrestaurantsTourism, Leisure and Hospitality ManagementEconomics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)Social Sciences (miscellaneous)YesyesThe COVID-19 pandemic has meant a serious risk to the economic viability of companies and the sustainability of employment in the restaurant sector, a high-impact activity for the economy and employment in Mexico and Spain. This paper analyzes the causes of the prolonged and intense damage to companies and employees via multilevel analysis techniques and a qualitative, inductive methodology drawing on multiple sources. Research propositions posit that the sectoral structure, management practices, and institutional actions during and after the pandemic are predictors of recovery or continued losses. The balanced result of these three levels of analysis, in a severe crisis situation, such as the global pandemic, reveals that the combination of low institutional protection at the macro level, a hostile industry structure at the meso level, and a focus solely on economic sustainability as the primary business objective resulted in widespread resignation and put survival at risk, particularly for smaller companies and entrepreneurs. Analysis of the firms’ and stakeholders’ actions also shed light on the inter-relations, such as the negative effect of macro general policies on a fragmented, asymmetric meso level. Inter-relations among customers and firms’ behavior gave insights that could increase resilience before general critical events. Finally, the balanced results recommend a simultaneous effort from firms and policy makers to make possible a profound change while addressing the sector’s shortcomings. Firms’ effort in managing key assets, such as human capital, to acquire the capacity for the flexibility, adaptability, and innovation essential for change and renewal, must be endorsed by institutional support and customer recognition of the contributions of this singular service and cultural industry.Facultad de Derecho, Empresa y Gobierno20252025-03-0120252025-03-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10641/7539reponame:DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoriainstname:Universidad Francisco de VitoriaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddfv.ufv.es:10641/75392026-06-11T12:44:57Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
title Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
spellingShingle Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
Fernández-de-Caleya-Dalmau, Ramón
Mexico
Spain
business survival
human capital
multilevel analysis
pandemic
resignation
restaurants
Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)
Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Yes
yes
title_short Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
title_full Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
title_fullStr Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
title_full_unstemmed Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
title_sort Multilevel Analysis Applied in High-Impact Environments : Causes and Effects of Firm and Political Activities During the Pandemic in the Restaurant Sector
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández-de-Caleya-Dalmau, Ramón
Ramos-Abascal, María Isabel
Maylín-Aguilar, Caridad
author Fernández-de-Caleya-Dalmau, Ramón
author_facet Fernández-de-Caleya-Dalmau, Ramón
Ramos-Abascal, María Isabel
Maylín-Aguilar, Caridad
author_role author
author2 Ramos-Abascal, María Isabel
Maylín-Aguilar, Caridad
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Derecho, Empresa y Gobierno
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Mexico
Spain
business survival
human capital
multilevel analysis
pandemic
resignation
restaurants
Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)
Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Yes
yes
topic Mexico
Spain
business survival
human capital
multilevel analysis
pandemic
resignation
restaurants
Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)
Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Yes
yes
description The COVID-19 pandemic has meant a serious risk to the economic viability of companies and the sustainability of employment in the restaurant sector, a high-impact activity for the economy and employment in Mexico and Spain. This paper analyzes the causes of the prolonged and intense damage to companies and employees via multilevel analysis techniques and a qualitative, inductive methodology drawing on multiple sources. Research propositions posit that the sectoral structure, management practices, and institutional actions during and after the pandemic are predictors of recovery or continued losses. The balanced result of these three levels of analysis, in a severe crisis situation, such as the global pandemic, reveals that the combination of low institutional protection at the macro level, a hostile industry structure at the meso level, and a focus solely on economic sustainability as the primary business objective resulted in widespread resignation and put survival at risk, particularly for smaller companies and entrepreneurs. Analysis of the firms’ and stakeholders’ actions also shed light on the inter-relations, such as the negative effect of macro general policies on a fragmented, asymmetric meso level. Inter-relations among customers and firms’ behavior gave insights that could increase resilience before general critical events. Finally, the balanced results recommend a simultaneous effort from firms and policy makers to make possible a profound change while addressing the sector’s shortcomings. Firms’ effort in managing key assets, such as human capital, to acquire the capacity for the flexibility, adaptability, and innovation essential for change and renewal, must be endorsed by institutional support and customer recognition of the contributions of this singular service and cultural industry.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-03-01
2025
2025-03-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10641/7539
url https://hdl.handle.net/10641/7539
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
instname:Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
instname_str Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
reponame_str DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
collection DDFV. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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