Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis

Purpose Neurocognitive impairments are a core feature of psychosis and impact long-term outcomes. While sex differences in neurocognition have been observed in first-episode psychosis (FEP), findings remain mixed, and little is known about differential responses to metacognitive interventions. This...

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Autores: Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Marina|||0000-0001-9910-1220, Comas, Josep Oriol, López-Carrilero, Raquel|||0000-0003-4110-794X, Díaz-Cutraro, L.|||0000-0003-3985-2780, Espinosa, Victoria, Ruiz Delgado, Isabel, Barrigón, María Luisa|||0000-0002-2497-6353, Grasa, Eva|||0000-0003-1100-7489, Pousa Tomàs, Esther|||0000-0003-4423-6739, González-Higueras, Fermín|||0000-0002-0826-5981, Cid Colom, Jordi|||0000-0002-6406-0585, Lorente-Rovira, Esther, Barajas Vélez, Ana|||0000-0003-1103-9499, Ochoa, Susana|||0000-0001-6792-1080
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:325788
Acesso em linha:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/325788
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s00737-025-01637-3
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Psychosis
Cognition
Psychological Interventions
Gender
Intersectionality
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repository_id_str
spelling Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosisImplications for personalized interventionsVerdaguer-Rodríguez, Marina|||0000-0001-9910-1220Comas, Josep OriolLópez-Carrilero, Raquel|||0000-0003-4110-794XDíaz-Cutraro, L.|||0000-0003-3985-2780Espinosa, VictoriaRuiz Delgado, IsabelBarrigón, María Luisa|||0000-0002-2497-6353Grasa, Eva|||0000-0003-1100-7489Pousa Tomàs, Esther|||0000-0003-4423-6739González-Higueras, Fermín|||0000-0002-0826-5981Cid Colom, Jordi|||0000-0002-6406-0585Lorente-Rovira, EstherBarajas Vélez, Ana|||0000-0003-1103-9499Ochoa, Susana|||0000-0001-6792-1080PsychosisCognitionPsychological InterventionsGenderIntersectionalityPurpose Neurocognitive impairments are a core feature of psychosis and impact long-term outcomes. While sex differences in neurocognition have been observed in first-episode psychosis (FEP), findings remain mixed, and little is known about differential responses to metacognitive interventions. This study examined sex differences in the effectiveness of Metacognitive Training (MCT) on neurocognitive outcomes in FEP. Methods A total of 122 individuals with FEP were randomized to receive either MCT or psychoeducational intervention. Neurocognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at 6-month follow-up using a comprehensive battery (CPT-II, TMT, WCST, Stroop test, TAVEC, WAIS-III Digit Span). General Linear Models tested the effects of intervention, sex, and their interaction, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates. Results MCT led to greater improvements than psychoeducation in immediate recall, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and attention. Improvements in immediate recall and Stroop Interference remained significant after adjustment, with Stroop performance also influenced by diagnosis. Across groups, men performed better in verbal memory, while women showed increased serial clustering in short-term recall, an effect that remained significant after adjustment. Notably, a group-by-sex interaction indicated that women receiving MCT experienced greater gains in short-term recall after controlling for covariates. Conclusions MCT enhances specific neurocognitive functions in FEP and shows promising effects for women in verbal memory processes. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating sex and diagnostic factors when tailoring early interventions for psychosis and highlight the potential of MCT as a personalized cognitive strategy.Spanish Metacognition Group 22026-01-0120262026-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/325788https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s00737-025-01637-3reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:3257882026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
Implications for personalized interventions
title Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
spellingShingle Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Marina|||0000-0001-9910-1220
Psychosis
Cognition
Psychological Interventions
Gender
Intersectionality
title_short Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
title_full Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
title_fullStr Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
title_full_unstemmed Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
title_sort Sex differences in neurocognitive response to metacognitive training in first-episode psychosis
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Marina|||0000-0001-9910-1220
Comas, Josep Oriol
López-Carrilero, Raquel|||0000-0003-4110-794X
Díaz-Cutraro, L.|||0000-0003-3985-2780
Espinosa, Victoria
Ruiz Delgado, Isabel
Barrigón, María Luisa|||0000-0002-2497-6353
Grasa, Eva|||0000-0003-1100-7489
Pousa Tomàs, Esther|||0000-0003-4423-6739
González-Higueras, Fermín|||0000-0002-0826-5981
Cid Colom, Jordi|||0000-0002-6406-0585
Lorente-Rovira, Esther
Barajas Vélez, Ana|||0000-0003-1103-9499
Ochoa, Susana|||0000-0001-6792-1080
author Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Marina|||0000-0001-9910-1220
author_facet Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Marina|||0000-0001-9910-1220
Comas, Josep Oriol
López-Carrilero, Raquel|||0000-0003-4110-794X
Díaz-Cutraro, L.|||0000-0003-3985-2780
Espinosa, Victoria
Ruiz Delgado, Isabel
Barrigón, María Luisa|||0000-0002-2497-6353
Grasa, Eva|||0000-0003-1100-7489
Pousa Tomàs, Esther|||0000-0003-4423-6739
González-Higueras, Fermín|||0000-0002-0826-5981
Cid Colom, Jordi|||0000-0002-6406-0585
Lorente-Rovira, Esther
Barajas Vélez, Ana|||0000-0003-1103-9499
Ochoa, Susana|||0000-0001-6792-1080
author_role author
author2 Comas, Josep Oriol
López-Carrilero, Raquel|||0000-0003-4110-794X
Díaz-Cutraro, L.|||0000-0003-3985-2780
Espinosa, Victoria
Ruiz Delgado, Isabel
Barrigón, María Luisa|||0000-0002-2497-6353
Grasa, Eva|||0000-0003-1100-7489
Pousa Tomàs, Esther|||0000-0003-4423-6739
González-Higueras, Fermín|||0000-0002-0826-5981
Cid Colom, Jordi|||0000-0002-6406-0585
Lorente-Rovira, Esther
Barajas Vélez, Ana|||0000-0003-1103-9499
Ochoa, Susana|||0000-0001-6792-1080
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Spanish Metacognition Group
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Psychosis
Cognition
Psychological Interventions
Gender
Intersectionality
topic Psychosis
Cognition
Psychological Interventions
Gender
Intersectionality
description Purpose Neurocognitive impairments are a core feature of psychosis and impact long-term outcomes. While sex differences in neurocognition have been observed in first-episode psychosis (FEP), findings remain mixed, and little is known about differential responses to metacognitive interventions. This study examined sex differences in the effectiveness of Metacognitive Training (MCT) on neurocognitive outcomes in FEP. Methods A total of 122 individuals with FEP were randomized to receive either MCT or psychoeducational intervention. Neurocognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at 6-month follow-up using a comprehensive battery (CPT-II, TMT, WCST, Stroop test, TAVEC, WAIS-III Digit Span). General Linear Models tested the effects of intervention, sex, and their interaction, both unadjusted and adjusted for covariates. Results MCT led to greater improvements than psychoeducation in immediate recall, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and attention. Improvements in immediate recall and Stroop Interference remained significant after adjustment, with Stroop performance also influenced by diagnosis. Across groups, men performed better in verbal memory, while women showed increased serial clustering in short-term recall, an effect that remained significant after adjustment. Notably, a group-by-sex interaction indicated that women receiving MCT experienced greater gains in short-term recall after controlling for covariates. Conclusions MCT enhances specific neurocognitive functions in FEP and shows promising effects for women in verbal memory processes. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating sex and diagnostic factors when tailoring early interventions for psychosis and highlight the potential of MCT as a personalized cognitive strategy.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2026-01-01
2026
2026-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/325788
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s00737-025-01637-3
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/325788
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s00737-025-01637-3
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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