Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)

Background: the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is considered the most endangered felid species in the world. In order to save this species, the Spanish authorities implemented a captive breeding program recruiting lynxes from the wild. In this context, a retrospective survey on prevalence of selected...

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Autores: Meli, Marina L., Cattori, Valentino, Martinez Sanchez, Fernando, López, Guillermo, Vargas, Ástrid, Simón, Miguel A., Zorrilla, Irene, Muñoz, Álvaro, Palomares, Francisco, López-Bao, José V., Pastor Milán, Josep|||0000-0003-1702-9531, Tandon, Ravi, Willi, Barbara, Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina|||0000-0001-9750-4296, Lutz, Hans
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2009
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:109352
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/109352
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004744
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Leucèmia en els animals
Lynx pardinus
Feline leukemia virus
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spelling Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)Meli, Marina L.Cattori, ValentinoMartinez Sanchez, FernandoLópez, GuillermoVargas, ÁstridSimón, Miguel A.Zorrilla, IreneMuñoz, ÁlvaroPalomares, FranciscoLópez-Bao, José V.Pastor Milán, Josep|||0000-0003-1702-9531Tandon, RaviWilli, BarbaraHofmann-Lehmann, Regina|||0000-0001-9750-4296Lutz, HansLeucèmia en els animalsLynx pardinusFeline leukemia virusBackground: the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is considered the most endangered felid species in the world. In order to save this species, the Spanish authorities implemented a captive breeding program recruiting lynxes from the wild. In this context, a retrospective survey on prevalence of selected feline pathogens in free-ranging lynxes was initiated. Methodology/ Principal Findings: we systematically analyzed the prevalence and importance of seven viral, one protozoan (Cytauxzoon felis), and several bacterial (e.g., hemotropic mycoplasma) infections in 77 of approximately 200 remaining free-ranging Iberian lynxes of the Doñana and Sierra Morena areas, in Southern Spain, between 2003 and 2007. With the exception of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), evidence of infection by all tested feline pathogens was found in Iberian lynxes. Fourteen lynxes were feline leukemia virus (FeLV) provirus-positive; eleven of these were antigenemic (FeLV p27 positive). All 14 animals tested negative for other viral infections. During a six-month period in 2007, six of the provirus-positive antigenemic lynxes died. Infection with FeLV but not with other infectious agents was associated with mortality (p<0.001). Sequencing of the FeLV surface glycoprotein gene revealed a common origin for ten of the eleven samples. The ten sequences were closely related to FeLV-A/61E, originally isolated from cats in the USA. Endogenous FeLV sequences were not detected. Conclusions/Significance: It was concluded that the FeLV infection most likely originated from domestic cats invading the lynx's habitats. Data available regarding the time frame, co-infections, and outcome of FeLV-infections suggest that, in contrast to the domestic cat, the FeLV strain affecting the lynxes in 2007 is highly virulent to this species. Our data argue strongly for vaccination of lynxes and domestic cats in and around lynx's habitats in order to prevent further spread of the virus as well as reduction the domestic cat population if the lynx population is to be maintained. 22009-01-0120092009-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/109352https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004744reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:1093522026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
spellingShingle Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
Meli, Marina L.
Leucèmia en els animals
Lynx pardinus
Feline leukemia virus
title_short Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_full Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_fullStr Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_full_unstemmed Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
title_sort Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Meli, Marina L.
Cattori, Valentino
Martinez Sanchez, Fernando
López, Guillermo
Vargas, Ástrid
Simón, Miguel A.
Zorrilla, Irene
Muñoz, Álvaro
Palomares, Francisco
López-Bao, José V.
Pastor Milán, Josep|||0000-0003-1702-9531
Tandon, Ravi
Willi, Barbara
Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina|||0000-0001-9750-4296
Lutz, Hans
author Meli, Marina L.
author_facet Meli, Marina L.
Cattori, Valentino
Martinez Sanchez, Fernando
López, Guillermo
Vargas, Ástrid
Simón, Miguel A.
Zorrilla, Irene
Muñoz, Álvaro
Palomares, Francisco
López-Bao, José V.
Pastor Milán, Josep|||0000-0003-1702-9531
Tandon, Ravi
Willi, Barbara
Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina|||0000-0001-9750-4296
Lutz, Hans
author_role author
author2 Cattori, Valentino
Martinez Sanchez, Fernando
López, Guillermo
Vargas, Ástrid
Simón, Miguel A.
Zorrilla, Irene
Muñoz, Álvaro
Palomares, Francisco
López-Bao, José V.
Pastor Milán, Josep|||0000-0003-1702-9531
Tandon, Ravi
Willi, Barbara
Hofmann-Lehmann, Regina|||0000-0001-9750-4296
Lutz, Hans
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Leucèmia en els animals
Lynx pardinus
Feline leukemia virus
topic Leucèmia en els animals
Lynx pardinus
Feline leukemia virus
description Background: the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is considered the most endangered felid species in the world. In order to save this species, the Spanish authorities implemented a captive breeding program recruiting lynxes from the wild. In this context, a retrospective survey on prevalence of selected feline pathogens in free-ranging lynxes was initiated. Methodology/ Principal Findings: we systematically analyzed the prevalence and importance of seven viral, one protozoan (Cytauxzoon felis), and several bacterial (e.g., hemotropic mycoplasma) infections in 77 of approximately 200 remaining free-ranging Iberian lynxes of the Doñana and Sierra Morena areas, in Southern Spain, between 2003 and 2007. With the exception of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), evidence of infection by all tested feline pathogens was found in Iberian lynxes. Fourteen lynxes were feline leukemia virus (FeLV) provirus-positive; eleven of these were antigenemic (FeLV p27 positive). All 14 animals tested negative for other viral infections. During a six-month period in 2007, six of the provirus-positive antigenemic lynxes died. Infection with FeLV but not with other infectious agents was associated with mortality (p<0.001). Sequencing of the FeLV surface glycoprotein gene revealed a common origin for ten of the eleven samples. The ten sequences were closely related to FeLV-A/61E, originally isolated from cats in the USA. Endogenous FeLV sequences were not detected. Conclusions/Significance: It was concluded that the FeLV infection most likely originated from domestic cats invading the lynx's habitats. Data available regarding the time frame, co-infections, and outcome of FeLV-infections suggest that, in contrast to the domestic cat, the FeLV strain affecting the lynxes in 2007 is highly virulent to this species. Our data argue strongly for vaccination of lynxes and domestic cats in and around lynx's habitats in order to prevent further spread of the virus as well as reduction the domestic cat population if the lynx population is to be maintained.
publishDate 2009
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2009-01-01
2009
2009-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/109352
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004744
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/109352
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004744
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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