A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications

Lossy mode resonance (LMR) sensors have garnered significant attention over the past 20 years due to their high sensitivity, broad applicability, and multiparameter detection capability. This review systematically summarizes progress in theoretical models, experimental validations, and applications...

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Autores: Del Villar, Ignacio, Imas González, José Javier, Matías Maestro, Ignacio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Pública de Navarra
Repositorio:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/55626
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/55626
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Optical sensor
Lossy mode resonance
Modal analysis
Thin-film
Biosensor
Chemical sensor
Gas sensor
Multiparameter sensing
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spelling A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applicationsDel Villar, IgnacioImas González, José JavierMatías Maestro, IgnacioOptical sensorLossy mode resonanceModal analysisThin-filmBiosensorChemical sensorGas sensorMultiparameter sensingLossy mode resonance (LMR) sensors have garnered significant attention over the past 20 years due to their high sensitivity, broad applicability, and multiparameter detection capability. This review systematically summarizes progress in theoretical models, experimental validations, and applications during this period. Originating from optical fiber structures and later extended to planar waveguides and integrated circuits, LMR sensors have evolved significantly with the introduction of modeling methods, including geometrical optics and modal analysis. These methods, especially modal analysis, offer a new perspective on LMRs as lossy directional couplers, facilitating deeper understanding of their behavior and guiding sensor design optimization. The performance of LMR-based sensors depends on parameters such as sensitivity and spectral width, which can be optimized to enhance their operation, with applications spanning two primary domains: aqueous media, including biosensors and chemical sensors, and air, with sensors for humidity, gases, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, emerging designs, including multi-parameter sensing and integration with other phenomena such as surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) and surface acoustic waves (SAWs), highlight their versatility. Despite challenges like environmental cross-sensitivity and light coupling, advances in temperature compensation and machine learning provide promising pathways for overcoming these limitations, paving the way for next-generation sensing technologies.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities through the project PID2023-149895OB-I00 MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UE and a pre-doctoral research grant.ElsevierIngeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónIngeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzaInstitute of Smart Cities - ISC2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2454/55626reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarrainstname:Universidad Pública de NavarraInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-149895OB-I00© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/556262026-06-17T12:41:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
title A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
spellingShingle A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
Del Villar, Ignacio
Optical sensor
Lossy mode resonance
Modal analysis
Thin-film
Biosensor
Chemical sensor
Gas sensor
Multiparameter sensing
title_short A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
title_full A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
title_fullStr A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
title_full_unstemmed A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
title_sort A review on lossy mode resonance-based sensors: fundamentals and applications
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Del Villar, Ignacio
Imas González, José Javier
Matías Maestro, Ignacio
author Del Villar, Ignacio
author_facet Del Villar, Ignacio
Imas González, José Javier
Matías Maestro, Ignacio
author_role author
author2 Imas González, José Javier
Matías Maestro, Ignacio
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza
Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Optical sensor
Lossy mode resonance
Modal analysis
Thin-film
Biosensor
Chemical sensor
Gas sensor
Multiparameter sensing
topic Optical sensor
Lossy mode resonance
Modal analysis
Thin-film
Biosensor
Chemical sensor
Gas sensor
Multiparameter sensing
description Lossy mode resonance (LMR) sensors have garnered significant attention over the past 20 years due to their high sensitivity, broad applicability, and multiparameter detection capability. This review systematically summarizes progress in theoretical models, experimental validations, and applications during this period. Originating from optical fiber structures and later extended to planar waveguides and integrated circuits, LMR sensors have evolved significantly with the introduction of modeling methods, including geometrical optics and modal analysis. These methods, especially modal analysis, offer a new perspective on LMRs as lossy directional couplers, facilitating deeper understanding of their behavior and guiding sensor design optimization. The performance of LMR-based sensors depends on parameters such as sensitivity and spectral width, which can be optimized to enhance their operation, with applications spanning two primary domains: aqueous media, including biosensors and chemical sensors, and air, with sensors for humidity, gases, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, emerging designs, including multi-parameter sensing and integration with other phenomena such as surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) and surface acoustic waves (SAWs), highlight their versatility. Despite challenges like environmental cross-sensitivity and light coupling, advances in temperature compensation and machine learning provide promising pathways for overcoming these limitations, paving the way for next-generation sensing technologies.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2454/55626
url https://hdl.handle.net/2454/55626
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-149895OB-I00
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname:Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname_str Universidad Pública de Navarra
reponame_str Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
collection Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
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