Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

The transcriptomic response of the head kidney, the main lymphohematopoietic tissue of the body, was evaluated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts fed a functional feed containing a phytogenic rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid. Fish (initial body weight = 55.0 ± 0....

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Autores: Salomón, Ricardo, Furones, M.Dolors, Reyes-López, Felipe E., Tort, Lluis, Firmino, Joana P., Quintela, José C., Pinilla-Rosas, José M., Vallejos-Vidal, Eva, Gisbert, Enric
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Recursos:Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
Repositorio:IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.irta.cat:20.500.12327/1613
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/1613
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.828497
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:637
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spelling Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)Salomón, RicardoFurones, M.DolorsReyes-López, Felipe E.Tort, LluisFirmino, Joana P.Quintela, José C.Pinilla-Rosas, José M.Vallejos-Vidal, EvaGisbert, Enric637The transcriptomic response of the head kidney, the main lymphohematopoietic tissue of the body, was evaluated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts fed a functional feed containing a phytogenic rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid. Fish (initial body weight = 55.0 ± 0.1 g) were fed two experimental diets (40% crude protein, 22% crude fat; 21.6 MJ/kg gross energy) that only differed in the phytogenic content (0.1% inclusion). Each diet has six replicates and was tested over a period of 133 days. The tested zootechnical feed additive a medicinal plant leaf extract (MPLE) obtained from sage (Salvia officinalis) and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora). At the end of the trial, smolts fed the MPLE diet were heavier than their congeners from the control group (271.5 ± 7.9 g vs. 240.2 ± 19.3 g, respectively; P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) values in fish fed the control diet were higher than those in fish fed the MPLE diet (FCRcontrol diet = 1.27 ± 0.08 vs. FCR0.1% MPLE diet = 1.08 ± 0.05; P < 0.05). The immunomodulatory properties of the functional diet were evaluated by means of an in vivo challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (1 × 107 CFU mL–1). The microarray analysis of head kidney samples from both dietary groups revealed 1,178 differentially expressed genes (802 upregulated and 376 downregulated). Among them, several biological processes related to immunity were identified in fish fed the MPLE diet (i.e., interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II, autophagy, regulation of i-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling, and leukocyte activation). Results from the bacterial challenge showed that survival rates were higher in smolts from the MPLE group (90.6 ± 6.4%) in comparison to the control group (60.7 ± 13.5%), confirming the functional benefits of the phytogenic in terms of host’s immunity and disease resistance. Biological processes such as cytoskeleton organization and regulation of cellular protein metabolic process detected in fish fed the MPLE diet supported the metabolic changes related to increased somatic growth promoted. The present findings showed that the inclusion at 0.1% of the tested MPLE obtained from sage and lemon verbena in diets for Atlantic salmon smolts promoted somatic growth, and enhanced their systemic immune response and reduced mortality when fish were challenged with A. salmonicida cumulative, the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFrontiers MediaProducció AnimalAqüicultura202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/article16application/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/1613https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.828497reponame:IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archiveinstname:Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)InglésFrontiers in Marine ScienceMICIU/Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los retos de la sociedad/117RT0521/ES/Estrategias de desarrollo y mejora de la producción de larvas de peces en Iberoamerica/LARVAplusEC/H2020/830202/EU/Improving Aquaculture production with bioactives from olive oil processing by-products/AQUOLIVEMINECO/Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los retos de la sociedad/AGL2016-76069-C2-2-R/ES/VALIDACION DE INDICADORES CENTRALES VS. PERIFERICOS DE LA RESPUESTA AL ESTRES EN PECES/Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositori.irta.cat:20.500.12327/16132026-06-16T08:51:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
title Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
spellingShingle Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Salomón, Ricardo
637
title_short Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
title_full Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
title_fullStr Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
title_full_unstemmed Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
title_sort Phytogenics From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promote Growth, Systemic Immunity and Disease Resistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Salomón, Ricardo
Furones, M.Dolors
Reyes-López, Felipe E.
Tort, Lluis
Firmino, Joana P.
Quintela, José C.
Pinilla-Rosas, José M.
Vallejos-Vidal, Eva
Gisbert, Enric
author Salomón, Ricardo
author_facet Salomón, Ricardo
Furones, M.Dolors
Reyes-López, Felipe E.
Tort, Lluis
Firmino, Joana P.
Quintela, José C.
Pinilla-Rosas, José M.
Vallejos-Vidal, Eva
Gisbert, Enric
author_role author
author2 Furones, M.Dolors
Reyes-López, Felipe E.
Tort, Lluis
Firmino, Joana P.
Quintela, José C.
Pinilla-Rosas, José M.
Vallejos-Vidal, Eva
Gisbert, Enric
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Producció Animal
Aqüicultura
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 637
topic 637
description The transcriptomic response of the head kidney, the main lymphohematopoietic tissue of the body, was evaluated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts fed a functional feed containing a phytogenic rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid. Fish (initial body weight = 55.0 ± 0.1 g) were fed two experimental diets (40% crude protein, 22% crude fat; 21.6 MJ/kg gross energy) that only differed in the phytogenic content (0.1% inclusion). Each diet has six replicates and was tested over a period of 133 days. The tested zootechnical feed additive a medicinal plant leaf extract (MPLE) obtained from sage (Salvia officinalis) and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora). At the end of the trial, smolts fed the MPLE diet were heavier than their congeners from the control group (271.5 ± 7.9 g vs. 240.2 ± 19.3 g, respectively; P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) values in fish fed the control diet were higher than those in fish fed the MPLE diet (FCRcontrol diet = 1.27 ± 0.08 vs. FCR0.1% MPLE diet = 1.08 ± 0.05; P < 0.05). The immunomodulatory properties of the functional diet were evaluated by means of an in vivo challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (1 × 107 CFU mL–1). The microarray analysis of head kidney samples from both dietary groups revealed 1,178 differentially expressed genes (802 upregulated and 376 downregulated). Among them, several biological processes related to immunity were identified in fish fed the MPLE diet (i.e., interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II, autophagy, regulation of i-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling, and leukocyte activation). Results from the bacterial challenge showed that survival rates were higher in smolts from the MPLE group (90.6 ± 6.4%) in comparison to the control group (60.7 ± 13.5%), confirming the functional benefits of the phytogenic in terms of host’s immunity and disease resistance. Biological processes such as cytoskeleton organization and regulation of cellular protein metabolic process detected in fish fed the MPLE diet supported the metabolic changes related to increased somatic growth promoted. The present findings showed that the inclusion at 0.1% of the tested MPLE obtained from sage and lemon verbena in diets for Atlantic salmon smolts promoted somatic growth, and enhanced their systemic immune response and reduced mortality when fish were challenged with A. salmonicida cumulative, the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/1613
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.828497
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/1613
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.828497
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers in Marine Science
MICIU/Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los retos de la sociedad/117RT0521/ES/Estrategias de desarrollo y mejora de la producción de larvas de peces en Iberoamerica/LARVAplus
EC/H2020/830202/EU/Improving Aquaculture production with bioactives from olive oil processing by-products/AQUOLIVE
MINECO/Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los retos de la sociedad/AGL2016-76069-C2-2-R/ES/VALIDACION DE INDICADORES CENTRALES VS. PERIFERICOS DE LA RESPUESTA AL ESTRES EN PECES/
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 16
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
instname:Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
instname_str Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
reponame_str IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
collection IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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