Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics

Article In Press. This is a PDF of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form. As suc...

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Autores: Soto-Cruz, F.J., López-Delgado, Aurora, Ramos-Lerate, I., Bolívar, J.P., Gázquez, M.J., Romero, Maximina
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::461e5dd34653d156270b49a55f8c0262
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429948
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Phosphogypsum leachate
Valorisation
Recycling
Traditional ceramics
Leaching test
Heavy metals immobilisation
Technological properties
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network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
title Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
spellingShingle Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
Soto-Cruz, F.J.
Phosphogypsum leachate
Valorisation
Recycling
Traditional ceramics
Leaching test
Heavy metals immobilisation
Technological properties
title_short Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
title_full Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
title_fullStr Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
title_full_unstemmed Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
title_sort Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramics
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Soto-Cruz, F.J.
López-Delgado, Aurora
Ramos-Lerate, I.
Bolívar, J.P.
Gázquez, M.J.
Romero, Maximina
author Soto-Cruz, F.J.
author_facet Soto-Cruz, F.J.
López-Delgado, Aurora
Ramos-Lerate, I.
Bolívar, J.P.
Gázquez, M.J.
Romero, Maximina
author_role author
author2 López-Delgado, Aurora
Ramos-Lerate, I.
Bolívar, J.P.
Gázquez, M.J.
Romero, Maximina
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Soto-Cruz, F.J. [0000-0003-3561-7871]
López-Delgado, Aurora [0000-0002-0121-9501]
Ramos-Lerate, I. [0000-0002-6853-4434]
Bolívar, J.P. [0000-0001-9258-6341]
Gázquez, M.J. [0000-0002-0198-5732]
Romero, Maximina [0000-0003-1563-8149]
Instituto de Ciencias de La Construcción Eduardo Torroja [https://ror.org/03x2a1f75]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Phosphogypsum leachate
Valorisation
Recycling
Traditional ceramics
Leaching test
Heavy metals immobilisation
Technological properties
topic Phosphogypsum leachate
Valorisation
Recycling
Traditional ceramics
Leaching test
Heavy metals immobilisation
Technological properties
description Article In Press. This is a PDF of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form. As such, this version is no longer the Accepted Manuscript, but it is not yet the definitive Version of Record; we are providing this early version to give early visibility of the article.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429948
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429948
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-116461RB-C21
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-116461RA-C22
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2026.100398
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Valorisation of a waste derived from the decontamination of phosphogypsum leachate as a clay replacement in ceramicsSoto-Cruz, F.J.López-Delgado, AuroraRamos-Lerate, I.Bolívar, J.P.Gázquez, M.J.Romero, MaximinaPhosphogypsum leachateValorisationRecyclingTraditional ceramicsLeaching testHeavy metals immobilisationTechnological propertiesArticle In Press. This is a PDF of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form. As such, this version is no longer the Accepted Manuscript, but it is not yet the definitive Version of Record; we are providing this early version to give early visibility of the article.This study presents the first valorisation of a waste generated from the cleaning process of phosphogypsum leachate (HApW) as a clay substitute in ceramics , contributing to the development of cleaner materials through industrial waste reuse. The waste is mainly composed of hydroxyapatite but contains non-negligible concentrations of heavy metals such as As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and V, and exhibits a 238U activity concentration of approximately 750 Bq·kg−1. Ceramics were prepared with varying clay replacement by HApW (20, 40, 60, and 80 wt%). Two commercial ceramic clays with distinct chemical and mineralogical compositions (referred to as clay A and clay B) were used. The thermal behaviour, sintering responses and the resulting microstructural and mechanical properties were systematically evaluated to determine the suitability of HApW as a sustainable clay substitute. Ceramic compositions were further assessed for porosity, flexural strength, and environmental safety via leaching tests. Results indicate that high HApW compositions exhibit a mineralogy dominated by HApW derived phases, including substituted apatite (Ca5(Na,Mg)(PO4)3) and complex calcium phosphate (Ca9MgNa(PO4)7), formed through thermal decomposition. HApW induces intense sintering and high final shrinkage, and clay would act as a skeleton that moderates this process. The flexural strength of the ceramic compositions ranges from 7 to 47 MPa and decreases linearly with increasing HApW content; however, this behaviour depends not only on total porosity but also on pore size. Microstructural analysis showed that clay A led to mostly amorphous matrices, while clay B produced denser structures with integrated apatite and acicular mullite crystals, enhancing densification and mechanical performance. Environmental assessment showed that heavy metal release remains below regulatory limits and that the radiological impact is negligible (indicative dose < 0.1 mSv·year−1). Compositional evaluation against ISO 13006 ceramic tile requirements showed that formulations 50A and 60A meet the specifications for BIIa indoor floor tiles, whereas 70B and 80B comply with BIb requirements, identifying these compositions as the optimal ranges for practical application. These findings demonstrate the viability of HApW as a sustainable clay replacement in ceramic production within the framework of cleaner material development.This research was funded by Grants PID2020–116461RB-C21 and 116461RA-C22 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033; Research grant UCA/REC44VPCT/2021, by the University of Cádiz. The technical support of Ms. Esther Martín is recognised.Peer reviewedElsevierMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Soto-Cruz, F.J. [0000-0003-3561-7871]López-Delgado, Aurora [0000-0002-0121-9501]Ramos-Lerate, I. [0000-0002-6853-4434]Bolívar, J.P. [0000-0001-9258-6341]Gázquez, M.J. [0000-0002-0198-5732]Romero, Maximina [0000-0003-1563-8149]Instituto de Ciencias de La Construcción Eduardo Torroja [https://ror.org/03x2a1f75]202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429948reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-116461RB-C21info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-116461RA-C22https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2026.100398Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:digitalcsic_::461e5dd34653d156270b49a55f8c02622026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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