Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage

Renewable energy sources are presented as a key solution to today¿s energy needs, but they also generate waste that can have a negative impact on the environment. In particular, fly ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), classified as hazardous by European regulations, is often de...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Terrones Saeta, Antonia, Terrones Saeta, Juan María, Suárez Macías, Jorge, Iglesias Godino, Francisco Javier, Corpas Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
Repositorio:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:archive.uax.com:20.500.12080/47792
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12080/47792
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:geopolymers
potentially toxic elements
mining residue
energy source waste
circular economy mechanical analysis
sustainability
construction materials
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spelling Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation StageTerrones Saeta, AntoniaTerrones Saeta, Juan MaríaSuárez Macías, JorgeIglesias Godino, Francisco JavierCorpas Iglesias, Francisco Antoniogeopolymerspotentially toxic elementsmining residueenergy source wastecircular economy mechanical analysissustainabilityconstruction materialsRenewable energy sources are presented as a key solution to today¿s energy needs, but they also generate waste that can have a negative impact on the environment. In particular, fly ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), classified as hazardous by European regulations, is often deposited in landfills due to its lack of usefulness. This research proposes its valorisation in geopolymers, combining it with mining to create a sustainable material with a high industrial waste content. Firstly, all the wastes involved were characterised, which allowed for the development of a high-quality geopolymer from mining residue activated with 5% NaOH. This material was enriched with up to 50% fly ash (in increasing percentages) with the aim of making it inert, retaining it in the geopolymer matrix, and observing its effect on the final material. The physical and mechanical properties of the geopolymers obtained were evaluated, demonstrating that they do not produce contaminating leachates. The results indicate the feasibility of developing a geopolymer with up to 20% fly ash, obtaining a building material comparable to traditional ceramics, suitable for commercialisation, with a lower environmental impact and in line with the principles of the circular economy. Keywords: geopolymers; potentially toxic elements; mining residue; energy source waste; circular economy mechanical analysis; sustainability; construction materialsMDPIUAX Archive20252025-06-0120252025-06-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12080/47792reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Alfonso X el Sabioinstname:Universidad Alfonso X el SabioInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2CC-BYhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:archive.uax.com:20.500.12080/477922026-05-28T12:40:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
title Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
spellingShingle Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
Terrones Saeta, Antonia
geopolymers
potentially toxic elements
mining residue
energy source waste
circular economy mechanical analysis
sustainability
construction materials
title_short Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
title_full Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
title_fullStr Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
title_full_unstemmed Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
title_sort Development and Mechanical Analysis of Geopolymers Formed with Mining Residue and Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Obtained After the Neutralisation Stage
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Terrones Saeta, Antonia
Terrones Saeta, Juan María
Suárez Macías, Jorge
Iglesias Godino, Francisco Javier
Corpas Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
author Terrones Saeta, Antonia
author_facet Terrones Saeta, Antonia
Terrones Saeta, Juan María
Suárez Macías, Jorge
Iglesias Godino, Francisco Javier
Corpas Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
author_role author
author2 Terrones Saeta, Juan María
Suárez Macías, Jorge
Iglesias Godino, Francisco Javier
Corpas Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv UAX Archive
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv geopolymers
potentially toxic elements
mining residue
energy source waste
circular economy mechanical analysis
sustainability
construction materials
topic geopolymers
potentially toxic elements
mining residue
energy source waste
circular economy mechanical analysis
sustainability
construction materials
description Renewable energy sources are presented as a key solution to today¿s energy needs, but they also generate waste that can have a negative impact on the environment. In particular, fly ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), classified as hazardous by European regulations, is often deposited in landfills due to its lack of usefulness. This research proposes its valorisation in geopolymers, combining it with mining to create a sustainable material with a high industrial waste content. Firstly, all the wastes involved were characterised, which allowed for the development of a high-quality geopolymer from mining residue activated with 5% NaOH. This material was enriched with up to 50% fly ash (in increasing percentages) with the aim of making it inert, retaining it in the geopolymer matrix, and observing its effect on the final material. The physical and mechanical properties of the geopolymers obtained were evaluated, demonstrating that they do not produce contaminating leachates. The results indicate the feasibility of developing a geopolymer with up to 20% fly ash, obtaining a building material comparable to traditional ceramics, suitable for commercialisation, with a lower environmental impact and in line with the principles of the circular economy. Keywords: geopolymers; potentially toxic elements; mining residue; energy source waste; circular economy mechanical analysis; sustainability; construction materials
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-06-01
2025
2025-06-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12080/47792
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12080/47792
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
CC-BY
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
CC-BY
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
instname:Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
instname_str Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
reponame_str Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
collection Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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