Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment

Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem. After decades of research, numerous difficulties in tackling resistance have emerged, from the paucity of new antimicrobials to the inefficient contingency plans to reduce the use of antimicrobials; consequently, resistance to these drugs is out of...

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Authors: González Zorn, Bruno, Escudero García-Calderón, José Antonio
Format: article
Publication Date:2012
Country:España
Institution:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repository:Docta Complutense
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/45158
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45158
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Ecology of antimicrobial resistance
eco-evo drugs
antibiotics
resistance units
EU antimicrobial policy
public health
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
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spelling Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environmentGonzález Zorn, BrunoEscudero García-Calderón, José AntonioEcology of antimicrobial resistanceeco-evo drugsantibioticsresistance unitsEU antimicrobial policypublic healthVeterinaria3109 Ciencias VeterinariasAntimicrobial resistance is a major health problem. After decades of research, numerous difficulties in tackling resistance have emerged, from the paucity of new antimicrobials to the inefficient contingency plans to reduce the use of antimicrobials; consequently, resistance to these drugs is out of control. Today we know that bacteria from the environment are often at the very origin of the acquired resistance determinants found in hospitals worldwide. Here we define the genetic components that flow from the environment to pathogenic bacteria and thereby confer a quantum increase in resistance levels, as resistance units (RU). Environmental bacteria as well as microbiomes from humans, animals, and food represent an infinite reservoir of RU, which are based on genes that have had, or not, a resistance function in their original bacterial hosts. This brief review presents our current knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and its consequences, with special focus on the importance of an ecologic perspective of antimicrobial resistance. This discipline encompasses the study of the relationships of entities and events in the framework of curing and preventing disease, a definition that takes into account both microbial ecology and antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the flux of RU throughout the diverse ecosystems is crucial to assess, prevent and eventually predict emerging scaffolds before they colonize health institutions. Collaborative horizontal research scenarios should be envisaged and involve all actors working with humans, animals, food and the environment.Spanish Society for MicrobiologyUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20122012-09-0120122012-09-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45158reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/451582026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
title Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
spellingShingle Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
González Zorn, Bruno
Ecology of antimicrobial resistance
eco-evo drugs
antibiotics
resistance units
EU antimicrobial policy
public health
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
title_short Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
title_full Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
title_fullStr Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
title_full_unstemmed Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
title_sort Ecology of antimicrobial resistance: humans, animals, food and environment
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv González Zorn, Bruno
Escudero García-Calderón, José Antonio
author González Zorn, Bruno
author_facet González Zorn, Bruno
Escudero García-Calderón, José Antonio
author_role author
author2 Escudero García-Calderón, José Antonio
author2_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ecology of antimicrobial resistance
eco-evo drugs
antibiotics
resistance units
EU antimicrobial policy
public health
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
topic Ecology of antimicrobial resistance
eco-evo drugs
antibiotics
resistance units
EU antimicrobial policy
public health
Veterinaria
3109 Ciencias Veterinarias
description Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem. After decades of research, numerous difficulties in tackling resistance have emerged, from the paucity of new antimicrobials to the inefficient contingency plans to reduce the use of antimicrobials; consequently, resistance to these drugs is out of control. Today we know that bacteria from the environment are often at the very origin of the acquired resistance determinants found in hospitals worldwide. Here we define the genetic components that flow from the environment to pathogenic bacteria and thereby confer a quantum increase in resistance levels, as resistance units (RU). Environmental bacteria as well as microbiomes from humans, animals, and food represent an infinite reservoir of RU, which are based on genes that have had, or not, a resistance function in their original bacterial hosts. This brief review presents our current knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and its consequences, with special focus on the importance of an ecologic perspective of antimicrobial resistance. This discipline encompasses the study of the relationships of entities and events in the framework of curing and preventing disease, a definition that takes into account both microbial ecology and antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the flux of RU throughout the diverse ecosystems is crucial to assess, prevent and eventually predict emerging scaffolds before they colonize health institutions. Collaborative horizontal research scenarios should be envisaged and involve all actors working with humans, animals, food and the environment.
publishDate 2012
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2012
2012-09-01
2012
2012-09-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45158
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/45158
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Spanish Society for Microbiology
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Spanish Society for Microbiology
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,300719

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