Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MCs), primarily classified as cytotoxin and hepatotoxins, are among the most prevalent cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. Studies assessing the toxic effects of coexposure to CYN and MC-LR are very scarce, especially in mammals. Furthermore, to our know...

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Autores: Plata Calzado, Cristina, Prieto Ortega, Ana Isabel, Cameán Fernández, Ana María, Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/183010
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/183010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123850
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Cylindrospermopsin
Microcystin-LR
Neurotoxicity
Acetylcholinesterase
Oxidative stress
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spelling Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brainPlata Calzado, CristinaPrieto Ortega, Ana IsabelCameán Fernández, Ana MaríaJos Gallego, Ángeles MencíaCylindrospermopsinMicrocystin-LRNeurotoxicityAcetylcholinesteraseOxidative stressCylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MCs), primarily classified as cytotoxin and hepatotoxins, are among the most prevalent cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. Studies assessing the toxic effects of coexposure to CYN and MC-LR are very scarce, especially in mammals. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there are no studies that evaluate the potential effects of their mixture on the nervous system in rats. This study evaluated on the brain of rats the potential effect of an oral exposure to CYN + MC-LR mixture (7.5 + 75, 23.7 + 237 and 75 + 750 μg kg b.w.) and sacrificed at 48h. Results showed sex-dependent responses, with the intermediate dose showing the highest response. This dose caused important alteration in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities compared to controls in males. In females, all doses increased LPO levels, without changes in SOD or CAT and decreased AChE activity. Alterations in expression of genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were detected. CYN and MC-LR metabolites were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS. These findings suggest that oral exposure to CYN + MC-LR mixtures may cause neurotoxic effects in rats and that oxidative stress and inflammation could be associated toxic mechanisms. Moreover, they highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in cyanotoxins risk assessment.ElsevierNutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina LegalMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). EspañaAgencia Estatal de Investigación. España2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/183010https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123850reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésEnvironmental Research, 294, 123850.PID2019-104890RB-I00PID2023-147444OB-I00info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1830102026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
title Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
spellingShingle Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
Plata Calzado, Cristina
Cylindrospermopsin
Microcystin-LR
Neurotoxicity
Acetylcholinesterase
Oxidative stress
title_short Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
title_full Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
title_fullStr Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
title_full_unstemmed Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
title_sort Study of the toxic effects produced by cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR co-exposure on the rat brain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Plata Calzado, Cristina
Prieto Ortega, Ana Isabel
Cameán Fernández, Ana María
Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía
author Plata Calzado, Cristina
author_facet Plata Calzado, Cristina
Prieto Ortega, Ana Isabel
Cameán Fernández, Ana María
Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía
author_role author
author2 Prieto Ortega, Ana Isabel
Cameán Fernández, Ana María
Jos Gallego, Ángeles Mencía
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cylindrospermopsin
Microcystin-LR
Neurotoxicity
Acetylcholinesterase
Oxidative stress
topic Cylindrospermopsin
Microcystin-LR
Neurotoxicity
Acetylcholinesterase
Oxidative stress
description Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MCs), primarily classified as cytotoxin and hepatotoxins, are among the most prevalent cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. Studies assessing the toxic effects of coexposure to CYN and MC-LR are very scarce, especially in mammals. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there are no studies that evaluate the potential effects of their mixture on the nervous system in rats. This study evaluated on the brain of rats the potential effect of an oral exposure to CYN + MC-LR mixture (7.5 + 75, 23.7 + 237 and 75 + 750 μg kg b.w.) and sacrificed at 48h. Results showed sex-dependent responses, with the intermediate dose showing the highest response. This dose caused important alteration in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities compared to controls in males. In females, all doses increased LPO levels, without changes in SOD or CAT and decreased AChE activity. Alterations in expression of genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were detected. CYN and MC-LR metabolites were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS. These findings suggest that oral exposure to CYN + MC-LR mixtures may cause neurotoxic effects in rats and that oxidative stress and inflammation could be associated toxic mechanisms. Moreover, they highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in cyanotoxins risk assessment.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/183010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123850
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/183010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.123850
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Environmental Research, 294, 123850.
PID2019-104890RB-I00
PID2023-147444OB-I00
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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