Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain

An increased pattern of hidden Internet of Things (IoT) devices has been observed. Due to the increased number of security attacks, a large number of IoT devices are disappearing from the public internet. Operating blockchain operations in such ad hoc connectivity becomes challenging. However, multi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Rawat, Abhimanyu, Daza, Vanesa, Signorini, Matteo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/55872
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55872
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041411
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:IoT
blockchain
offline tangle
scaling
IOTA
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repository_id_str
spelling Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchainRawat, AbhimanyuDaza, VanesaSignorini, MatteoIoTblockchainoffline tanglescalingIOTAAn increased pattern of hidden Internet of Things (IoT) devices has been observed. Due to the increased number of security attacks, a large number of IoT devices are disappearing from the public internet. Operating blockchain operations in such ad hoc connectivity becomes challenging. However, multiple past studies have pointed towards IOTA Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) that closely caters to offline blockchain use cases. However, there has been little to no empirical study or introduction to time bounds on transaction confirmation. Therefore, this study explains what provisions the existing IOTA blockchain has to accommodate the increased pattern of hidden IoT devices, and if IOTA is truly sufficient as a solution. In summary, we approach research questions by analyzing the studies that explore the trend of offline IoT devices and evaluating the relevance of offline blockchains, assessing the IOTA specification and codebase around offline transaction-making capabilities and pointing out some bounds that IOTA blockchain nodes must follow towards incoming transactions. Furthermore, we confirm by experimental runs that outside and within the tight time bounds transactions in offline Tangle can become stale and not get confirmed, and the effective time-bound can be even less. Realizing the need for a better offline blockchain scalability solution.This article is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 814284.MDPI202320232022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/55872http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041411reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésSensors. 2022;22(4):1411.https://github.com/WiSeCom-UPF/one-click-tangle/blob/chrysalis/hornet-private-net/README_Research.mdinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/814284© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/558722026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
title Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
spellingShingle Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
Rawat, Abhimanyu
IoT
blockchain
offline tangle
scaling
IOTA
title_short Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
title_full Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
title_fullStr Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
title_full_unstemmed Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
title_sort Offline scaling of IoT devices in IOTA blockchain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rawat, Abhimanyu
Daza, Vanesa
Signorini, Matteo
author Rawat, Abhimanyu
author_facet Rawat, Abhimanyu
Daza, Vanesa
Signorini, Matteo
author_role author
author2 Daza, Vanesa
Signorini, Matteo
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv IoT
blockchain
offline tangle
scaling
IOTA
topic IoT
blockchain
offline tangle
scaling
IOTA
description An increased pattern of hidden Internet of Things (IoT) devices has been observed. Due to the increased number of security attacks, a large number of IoT devices are disappearing from the public internet. Operating blockchain operations in such ad hoc connectivity becomes challenging. However, multiple past studies have pointed towards IOTA Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) that closely caters to offline blockchain use cases. However, there has been little to no empirical study or introduction to time bounds on transaction confirmation. Therefore, this study explains what provisions the existing IOTA blockchain has to accommodate the increased pattern of hidden IoT devices, and if IOTA is truly sufficient as a solution. In summary, we approach research questions by analyzing the studies that explore the trend of offline IoT devices and evaluating the relevance of offline blockchains, assessing the IOTA specification and codebase around offline transaction-making capabilities and pointing out some bounds that IOTA blockchain nodes must follow towards incoming transactions. Furthermore, we confirm by experimental runs that outside and within the tight time bounds transactions in offline Tangle can become stale and not get confirmed, and the effective time-bound can be even less. Realizing the need for a better offline blockchain scalability solution.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55872
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041411
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/55872
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041411
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Sensors. 2022;22(4):1411.
https://github.com/WiSeCom-UPF/one-click-tangle/blob/chrysalis/hornet-private-net/README_Research.md
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/814284
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,808905

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