Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days

Cover crop mixtures can provide multiple ecosystem services but provisioning of these services is contingent upon the expression of component species in the mixture. From the same seed mixture, cover crop mixture expression varied greatly across farms and we hypothesized that this variation was corr...

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Autores: Baraibar Padró, Bàrbara, Murrell, Ebony G., Bradley, Brosi A., Barbercheck, Mary E., Mortensen, David A., Kaye, Jason P., White, Charles M.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositorio:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/84712
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235868
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84712
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Males herbes--Control
Tècniques agrícoles
Conreus
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spelling Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree daysBaraibar Padró, BàrbaraMurrell, Ebony G.Bradley, Brosi A.Barbercheck, Mary E.Mortensen, David A.Kaye, Jason P.White, Charles M.Males herbes--ControlTècniques agrícolesConreusCover crop mixtures can provide multiple ecosystem services but provisioning of these services is contingent upon the expression of component species in the mixture. From the same seed mixture, cover crop mixture expression varied greatly across farms and we hypothesized that this variation was correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen (N) concentrations and growing degree days. We measured fall and spring biomass of a standard fivespecies mixture of canola (Brassica napus L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) seeded at a research station and on 8 farms across Pennsylvania and New York in two consecutive years. At the research station, soil inorganic N (soil iN) availablity and cumulative fall growing degree days (GDD) were experimentally manipulated through fertilizer additions and planting date. Farmers seeded the standard mixture and a 'farmtuned' mixture of the same five species with component seeding rates adjusted to achieve farmer-desired services. We used Structural Equation Modeling to parse out the effects of soil iN and GDD on cover crop mixture expression. When soil iN and fall GDD were high, canola dominated the mixture, especially in the fall. Low soil iN favored legume species while a shorter growing season favored triticale. Changes in seeding rates influenced mixture composition in fall and spring but interacted with GDD to determine the final expression of the mixture. Our results show that when soil iN availability is high at the time of cover crop planting, highly competitive species can dominate mixtures which could potentially decrease services provided by other species, especially legumes. Early planting dates can exacerbate the dominance of aggressive species. Managers should choose cover crop species and seeding rates according to their soil iN and GDD to ensure the provision of desired services.This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Organic Research and Extension Initiative (https://nifa.usda. gov/funding-opportunity/organic-agriculture- research-and-extension-initiative) under Project PENW-2015-07433, Grant No. 2015-51300- 24156, Accession No. 1007156 to JPK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Public Library of Science2020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235868http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84712reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)InglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235868Plos One, 2020, vol. 15, num. 7): e0235868cc-by (c) Baraibar et al., 2020info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/847122026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
title Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
spellingShingle Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
Baraibar Padró, Bàrbara
Males herbes--Control
Tècniques agrícoles
Conreus
title_short Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
title_full Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
title_fullStr Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
title_full_unstemmed Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
title_sort Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Baraibar Padró, Bàrbara
Murrell, Ebony G.
Bradley, Brosi A.
Barbercheck, Mary E.
Mortensen, David A.
Kaye, Jason P.
White, Charles M.
author Baraibar Padró, Bàrbara
author_facet Baraibar Padró, Bàrbara
Murrell, Ebony G.
Bradley, Brosi A.
Barbercheck, Mary E.
Mortensen, David A.
Kaye, Jason P.
White, Charles M.
author_role author
author2 Murrell, Ebony G.
Bradley, Brosi A.
Barbercheck, Mary E.
Mortensen, David A.
Kaye, Jason P.
White, Charles M.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Males herbes--Control
Tècniques agrícoles
Conreus
topic Males herbes--Control
Tècniques agrícoles
Conreus
description Cover crop mixtures can provide multiple ecosystem services but provisioning of these services is contingent upon the expression of component species in the mixture. From the same seed mixture, cover crop mixture expression varied greatly across farms and we hypothesized that this variation was correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen (N) concentrations and growing degree days. We measured fall and spring biomass of a standard fivespecies mixture of canola (Brassica napus L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) seeded at a research station and on 8 farms across Pennsylvania and New York in two consecutive years. At the research station, soil inorganic N (soil iN) availablity and cumulative fall growing degree days (GDD) were experimentally manipulated through fertilizer additions and planting date. Farmers seeded the standard mixture and a 'farmtuned' mixture of the same five species with component seeding rates adjusted to achieve farmer-desired services. We used Structural Equation Modeling to parse out the effects of soil iN and GDD on cover crop mixture expression. When soil iN and fall GDD were high, canola dominated the mixture, especially in the fall. Low soil iN favored legume species while a shorter growing season favored triticale. Changes in seeding rates influenced mixture composition in fall and spring but interacted with GDD to determine the final expression of the mixture. Our results show that when soil iN availability is high at the time of cover crop planting, highly competitive species can dominate mixtures which could potentially decrease services provided by other species, especially legumes. Early planting dates can exacerbate the dominance of aggressive species. Managers should choose cover crop species and seeding rates according to their soil iN and GDD to ensure the provision of desired services.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235868
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84712
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235868
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84712
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235868
Plos One, 2020, vol. 15, num. 7): e0235868
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by (c) Baraibar et al., 2020
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by (c) Baraibar et al., 2020
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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