Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)

Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825 = Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825)) exhibit one of the most extreme freeze tolerance responses found in vertebrates. While extensive work is continuing to resolve the physiological mechanisms involved, few have studied the effects of freezing on locomoto...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Santos-Santos, Javier H., Culbert, Brett M., Standen, Emily M.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/175655
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/175655
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Wood Frog
Rana sylvatica
Freeze tolerance
Cryoprotectants
Cooling rate
Biomechanics
Locomotion
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spelling Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)Santos-Santos, Javier H.Culbert, Brett M.Standen, Emily M.Wood FrogRana sylvaticaFreeze toleranceCryoprotectantsCooling rateBiomechanicsLocomotionWood Frogs (Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825 = Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825)) exhibit one of the most extreme freeze tolerance responses found in vertebrates. While extensive work is continuing to resolve the physiological mechanisms involved, few have studied the effects of freezing on locomotor performance. The ability to mount an appropriate locomotor response is vital, as locomotion can affect both survivorship and reproductive success. To investigate how the biomechanical processes during locomotion are altered following freezing, stroke cycle timings and kinematic performance were measured prior to and immediately following a freeze–thaw cycle. Additionally, the effects of cooling rate (0.3 versus 0.8 °C/h) were also assessed. While jumping and swimming performance were both reduced post-freeze, the effects were more pronounced during swimming, with observed reductions in velocity and distance travelled. Interestingly, these changes occurred largely independent of cooling rate. Altered stroke cycle timings and highly variable muscle activation/deactivation patterns suggest an impairment in muscle function as frogs continued to recover from the effects of freezing. This was supported by the physiology of frogs post-freeze, specifically, the persistence of elevated glucose levels in muscles important during locomotion. Collectively, these findings suggest that reductions in locomotor performance observed immediately following a freeze–thaw cycle are driven by alterations in muscle function.This work was supported by a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Canadian Foundation for Innovation Grant to EMS, and an ERASMUS MUNDUS – NOVA DOMUS CHEMEDPHO Action 2 Grant to JHSS. We also acknowledge the University of Barcelona and the University of Ottawa for their collaboration in the ERASMUS MUNDUS framework financed by the European Commission.Peer reviewedCanadian Science PublishingNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaEuropean CommissionUniversidad de BarcelonaOttawa UniversityConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]201920192018info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/175655reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0240Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1756552026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
title Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
spellingShingle Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
Santos-Santos, Javier H.
Wood Frog
Rana sylvatica
Freeze tolerance
Cryoprotectants
Cooling rate
Biomechanics
Locomotion
title_short Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
title_full Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
title_fullStr Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
title_full_unstemmed Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
title_sort Kinematic performance and muscle activation patterns during post-freeze locomotion in the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Santos-Santos, Javier H.
Culbert, Brett M.
Standen, Emily M.
author Santos-Santos, Javier H.
author_facet Santos-Santos, Javier H.
Culbert, Brett M.
Standen, Emily M.
author_role author
author2 Culbert, Brett M.
Standen, Emily M.
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
European Commission
Universidad de Barcelona
Ottawa University
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Wood Frog
Rana sylvatica
Freeze tolerance
Cryoprotectants
Cooling rate
Biomechanics
Locomotion
topic Wood Frog
Rana sylvatica
Freeze tolerance
Cryoprotectants
Cooling rate
Biomechanics
Locomotion
description Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825 = Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825)) exhibit one of the most extreme freeze tolerance responses found in vertebrates. While extensive work is continuing to resolve the physiological mechanisms involved, few have studied the effects of freezing on locomotor performance. The ability to mount an appropriate locomotor response is vital, as locomotion can affect both survivorship and reproductive success. To investigate how the biomechanical processes during locomotion are altered following freezing, stroke cycle timings and kinematic performance were measured prior to and immediately following a freeze–thaw cycle. Additionally, the effects of cooling rate (0.3 versus 0.8 °C/h) were also assessed. While jumping and swimming performance were both reduced post-freeze, the effects were more pronounced during swimming, with observed reductions in velocity and distance travelled. Interestingly, these changes occurred largely independent of cooling rate. Altered stroke cycle timings and highly variable muscle activation/deactivation patterns suggest an impairment in muscle function as frogs continued to recover from the effects of freezing. This was supported by the physiology of frogs post-freeze, specifically, the persistence of elevated glucose levels in muscles important during locomotion. Collectively, these findings suggest that reductions in locomotor performance observed immediately following a freeze–thaw cycle are driven by alterations in muscle function.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018
2019
2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/175655
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/175655
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0240
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Canadian Science Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Canadian Science Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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