The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity

Context. A challenge with radial-velocity (RV) data is disentangling the origin of signals either due to a planetary companion or to stellar activity. In fact, the existence of a planetary companion has been proposed, as well as contested, around the relatively bright, nearby M3.0 V star AD Leo at t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Caballero, J. A., Cortés Contreras, Miriam, Cifuentes, C., Montes Gutiérrez, David, Sanz Forcada, J., otros, ...
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/72731
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72731
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:52
Lomb-Scargle periodogram
Low-mass stars
Proper-motion
Input catalog
Photoelectric observations
Terrestrial planet
Magnetic-field
Flare
Solar
Emission
Astrofísica
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spelling The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activityCaballero, J. A.Cortés Contreras, MiriamCifuentes, C.Montes Gutiérrez, DavidSanz Forcada, J.otros, ...52Lomb-Scargle periodogramLow-mass starsProper-motionInput catalogPhotoelectric observationsTerrestrial planetMagnetic-fieldFlareSolarEmissionAstrofísicaContext. A challenge with radial-velocity (RV) data is disentangling the origin of signals either due to a planetary companion or to stellar activity. In fact, the existence of a planetary companion has been proposed, as well as contested, around the relatively bright, nearby M3.0 V star AD Leo at the same period as the stellar rotation of 2.23 days. Aims. We further investigate the nature of this signal. We introduce new CARMENES optical and near-IR RV data and an analysis in combination with archival data taken by HIRES and HARPS, along with more recent data from HARPS-N, GIANO-B, and HPF. Additionally, we address the confusion concerning the binarity of AD Leo. Methods. We consider possible correlations between the RVs and various stellar activity indicators accessible with CARMENES. We additionally applied models within a Bayesian framework to determine whether a Keplerian model, a red-noise quasi-periodic model using a Gaussian process, or a mixed model would explain the observed data best. We also exclusively focus on spectral lines potentially associated with stellar activity. Results. The CARMENES RV data agree with the previously reported periodicity of 2.23 days, correlate with some activity indicators, and exhibit chromaticity. However, when considering the entire RV data set, we find that a mixed model composed of a stable and a variable component performs best. Moreover, when recomputing the RVs using only spectral lines insensitive to activity, there appears to be some residual power at the period of interest. We therefore conclude that it is not possible to determinedly prove that there is no planet orbiting in synchronization with the stellar rotation given our data, current tools, machinery, and knowledge of how stellar activity affects RVs. We do rule out planets more massive than 27 M_(ꚛ) (=0.084 M_(Jup)). Likewise, we exclude any binary companion around AD Leo with M sin i greater than 3–6 M_(Jup) on orbital periods <14 yr.EDP ScienciesUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20222022-10-1920222022-10-19journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72731reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/727312026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
title The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
spellingShingle The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
Caballero, J. A.
52
Lomb-Scargle periodogram
Low-mass stars
Proper-motion
Input catalog
Photoelectric observations
Terrestrial planet
Magnetic-field
Flare
Solar
Emission
Astrofísica
title_short The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
title_full The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
title_fullStr The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
title_full_unstemmed The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
title_sort The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: a test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Caballero, J. A.
Cortés Contreras, Miriam
Cifuentes, C.
Montes Gutiérrez, David
Sanz Forcada, J.
otros, ...
author Caballero, J. A.
author_facet Caballero, J. A.
Cortés Contreras, Miriam
Cifuentes, C.
Montes Gutiérrez, David
Sanz Forcada, J.
otros, ...
author_role author
author2 Cortés Contreras, Miriam
Cifuentes, C.
Montes Gutiérrez, David
Sanz Forcada, J.
otros, ...
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 52
Lomb-Scargle periodogram
Low-mass stars
Proper-motion
Input catalog
Photoelectric observations
Terrestrial planet
Magnetic-field
Flare
Solar
Emission
Astrofísica
topic 52
Lomb-Scargle periodogram
Low-mass stars
Proper-motion
Input catalog
Photoelectric observations
Terrestrial planet
Magnetic-field
Flare
Solar
Emission
Astrofísica
description Context. A challenge with radial-velocity (RV) data is disentangling the origin of signals either due to a planetary companion or to stellar activity. In fact, the existence of a planetary companion has been proposed, as well as contested, around the relatively bright, nearby M3.0 V star AD Leo at the same period as the stellar rotation of 2.23 days. Aims. We further investigate the nature of this signal. We introduce new CARMENES optical and near-IR RV data and an analysis in combination with archival data taken by HIRES and HARPS, along with more recent data from HARPS-N, GIANO-B, and HPF. Additionally, we address the confusion concerning the binarity of AD Leo. Methods. We consider possible correlations between the RVs and various stellar activity indicators accessible with CARMENES. We additionally applied models within a Bayesian framework to determine whether a Keplerian model, a red-noise quasi-periodic model using a Gaussian process, or a mixed model would explain the observed data best. We also exclusively focus on spectral lines potentially associated with stellar activity. Results. The CARMENES RV data agree with the previously reported periodicity of 2.23 days, correlate with some activity indicators, and exhibit chromaticity. However, when considering the entire RV data set, we find that a mixed model composed of a stable and a variable component performs best. Moreover, when recomputing the RVs using only spectral lines insensitive to activity, there appears to be some residual power at the period of interest. We therefore conclude that it is not possible to determinedly prove that there is no planet orbiting in synchronization with the stellar rotation given our data, current tools, machinery, and knowledge of how stellar activity affects RVs. We do rule out planets more massive than 27 M_(ꚛ) (=0.084 M_(Jup)). Likewise, we exclude any binary companion around AD Leo with M sin i greater than 3–6 M_(Jup) on orbital periods <14 yr.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022-10-19
2022
2022-10-19
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72731
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72731
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciencies
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciencies
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,301629

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