Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control

From 1985 to 2018, 35 % of shellfish poisoning cases worldwide were due to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The main representative toxin congener of the PSP toxin family is saxitoxin (STX), a highly toxic neurotoxin capable of blocking nerve impulse transmission and causing death by respiratory...

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Autores: Aballay-González, Ambbar, Leonardo, Sandra, Fernández-Tejedor, Margarita, Rambla Alegre, Maria, Diogène, Jorge, Kharusi, AhlamAl, Figueroa, Maximiliano, Astuya-Villalón, Allisson, Campàs, Mònica
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
Repositorio:IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.irta.cat:20.500.12327/4605
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/4605
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2025.100463
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:639
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spelling Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety controlAballay-González, AmbbarLeonardo, SandraFernández-Tejedor, MargaritaRambla Alegre, MariaDiogène, JorgeKharusi, AhlamAlFigueroa, MaximilianoAstuya-Villalón, AllissonCampàs, Mònica639From 1985 to 2018, 35 % of shellfish poisoning cases worldwide were due to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The main representative toxin congener of the PSP toxin family is saxitoxin (STX), a highly toxic neurotoxin capable of blocking nerve impulse transmission and causing death by respiratory arrest, representing a danger to the environment and human health. The presence of PSP toxins in shellfish is currently detected through instrumental analysis methods, which are costly, or more rarely with the mouse bioassay, which is ethically criticized. Therefore, the development of new approaches for their detection is desired. This study presents the development of a colorimetric immunoassay in which STX has been immobilized on magnetic beads (MBs) for the subsequent competition between free STX present in the sample and immobilized STX for the binding site of an anti-STX antibody, using a secondary antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase to reveal the signal. The immunoassay exhibits a dose-dependent behavior with an IC50 for STX of 10.9 ng mL-1. The system shows low matrix effects with a loading capacity of 250 mg of shellfish flesh mL-1 and, therefore, an effective limit of detection (LOD) of 17.2 µg kg⁻¹. The detection of STX and gonyautoxin-2 & gonyautoxin-3 in shellfish samples is also demonstrated. Furthermore, the covalent immobilization of STX on MBs is stable and allows the reusability of the system up to four times. This immunosensing system has been proved to be successful in the screening and quantification of PSP toxin contents in shellfish samples from Spain and Oman.This research was funded by the project FONDEF ID22I10218 Saxifast (ANID, Chile), project VIU 24P0097 (ANID, Chile), Research and Development (ANID) Scholarship Program DOCTORADO NACIONAL/2021 21211641, and COPAS-COASTAL ANID FB210021 and the Spanish project BiOCEANsing (PID2023–149899OB-C21) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN) and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI). The authors acknowledge support from CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionElsevierProducció AnimalAigües Marines i Continentals202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/article7application/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/4605https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2025.100463reponame:IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archiveinstname:Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)InglésTalanta OpenMICINN/Programa Estatal para impulsar la investigación científico-técnica y su transferencia/PID2023-149899OB-C21/ES/Tecnologías bio-analíticas basadas en anticuerpos, células y espectrometría de masas para explorar las fronteras de las toxinas marinas/BiOCEANsingAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositori.irta.cat:20.500.12327/46052026-06-16T08:51:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
title Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
spellingShingle Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
Aballay-González, Ambbar
639
title_short Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
title_full Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
title_fullStr Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
title_full_unstemmed Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
title_sort Detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins using a colorimetric immunosensing tool for food safety control
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Aballay-González, Ambbar
Leonardo, Sandra
Fernández-Tejedor, Margarita
Rambla Alegre, Maria
Diogène, Jorge
Kharusi, AhlamAl
Figueroa, Maximiliano
Astuya-Villalón, Allisson
Campàs, Mònica
author Aballay-González, Ambbar
author_facet Aballay-González, Ambbar
Leonardo, Sandra
Fernández-Tejedor, Margarita
Rambla Alegre, Maria
Diogène, Jorge
Kharusi, AhlamAl
Figueroa, Maximiliano
Astuya-Villalón, Allisson
Campàs, Mònica
author_role author
author2 Leonardo, Sandra
Fernández-Tejedor, Margarita
Rambla Alegre, Maria
Diogène, Jorge
Kharusi, AhlamAl
Figueroa, Maximiliano
Astuya-Villalón, Allisson
Campàs, Mònica
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Producció Animal
Aigües Marines i Continentals
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 639
topic 639
description From 1985 to 2018, 35 % of shellfish poisoning cases worldwide were due to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The main representative toxin congener of the PSP toxin family is saxitoxin (STX), a highly toxic neurotoxin capable of blocking nerve impulse transmission and causing death by respiratory arrest, representing a danger to the environment and human health. The presence of PSP toxins in shellfish is currently detected through instrumental analysis methods, which are costly, or more rarely with the mouse bioassay, which is ethically criticized. Therefore, the development of new approaches for their detection is desired. This study presents the development of a colorimetric immunoassay in which STX has been immobilized on magnetic beads (MBs) for the subsequent competition between free STX present in the sample and immobilized STX for the binding site of an anti-STX antibody, using a secondary antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase to reveal the signal. The immunoassay exhibits a dose-dependent behavior with an IC50 for STX of 10.9 ng mL-1. The system shows low matrix effects with a loading capacity of 250 mg of shellfish flesh mL-1 and, therefore, an effective limit of detection (LOD) of 17.2 µg kg⁻¹. The detection of STX and gonyautoxin-2 & gonyautoxin-3 in shellfish samples is also demonstrated. Furthermore, the covalent immobilization of STX on MBs is stable and allows the reusability of the system up to four times. This immunosensing system has been proved to be successful in the screening and quantification of PSP toxin contents in shellfish samples from Spain and Oman.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/4605
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2025.100463
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/4605
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2025.100463
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Talanta Open
MICINN/Programa Estatal para impulsar la investigación científico-técnica y su transferencia/PID2023-149899OB-C21/ES/Tecnologías bio-analíticas basadas en anticuerpos, células y espectrometría de masas para explorar las fronteras de las toxinas marinas/BiOCEANsing
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 7
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
instname:Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
instname_str Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
reponame_str IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
collection IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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