Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations

We investigated the star formation activity and black hole scaling relations in a sample of 1 451 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hosted by dwarf galaxies (log(M*/M⊙) < 10) at 0.5 < z < 0.9, drawn from the VIPERS survey. The sample comprises Seyferts and low-ionization nuclear emission-line r...

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Autores: Mountrichas, Georgios, Siudek, M., Carrera Troyano, Francisco Jesús|||0000-0003-2135-9023
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/38357
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/38357
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Galaxies:active
Galaxies: dwarf
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: Seyfert
Galaxies: star formation
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spelling Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relationsMountrichas, GeorgiosSiudek, M.Carrera Troyano, Francisco Jesús|||0000-0003-2135-9023Galaxies:activeGalaxies: dwarfGalaxies: evolutionGalaxies: formationGalaxies: SeyfertGalaxies: star formationWe investigated the star formation activity and black hole scaling relations in a sample of 1 451 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hosted by dwarf galaxies (log(M*/M⊙) < 10) at 0.5 < z < 0.9, drawn from the VIPERS survey. The sample comprises Seyferts and low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) identified through emission-line diagnostics, as well as IR-selected AGNs based on WISE mid-IR colours. Using the normalized star formation rate (SFRnorm), defined as the ratio of the SFR of a galaxy hosting an AGN to the median SFR of star-forming galaxies of similar stellar masses and redshifts, we compared AGN hosts to a control sample of non-AGN star-forming galaxies. We examined how SFRnorm varies with AGN power (L[OIII]), black hole mass (MBH), local environment, and stellar population age. We also analysed the MBH-M* relation and the evolution of the MBH/M* ratio, incorporating comparisons to X-ray AGNs and high-redshift quasars (z > 4). We note that black hole masses have been estimated from narrow-line diagnostics, which introduce significant scatter and can carry substantial uncertainties for individual sources, though they remain useful for identifying statistical trends. Our key findings are: (i) All AGN populations show suppressed star formation at low AGN luminosities, with SFRnorm rising above unity at different luminosity thresholds depending on AGN type. (ii) LINERs show flat SFRnorm trends with MBH, remaining broadly consistent with unity. Seyferts display a mild increase with MBH, while IR AGNs show a more pronounced positive trend. (iii) LINERs have older stellar populations than Seyferts. (iv) At fixed stellar mass, Seyferts host more massive black holes than LINERs, with IR AGNs falling in between. (v) The MBH/M* ratio is elevated relative to local scaling relations and remains approximately constant with redshift over 0.5 < z < 0.9, in agreement with high-z AGN measurements. (vi) The ratio decreases with stellar mass up to log(M*/M⊙)⁓11, beyond which it flattens towards values consistent with those of local, inactive galaxies; this trend is clearest for Seyferts and IR AGNs, while LINERs show no clear dependence. These results suggest that AGNs in dwarf galaxies follow diverse evolutionary pathways, shaped by gas availability, feedback, and selection effects.GM acknowledges funding from grant PID2021122955OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU”. M.S. acknowledges support by the State Research Agency of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the grants ‘Galaxy Evolution with Artificial Intelligence’ (PGC2018-100852-A-I00) and ‘BASALT’ (PID2021-126838NB-I00) and the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (Bekker grant BPN/BEK/2021/1/00298/DEC/1). This work was partially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under the Maria Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (No. 754510).EDP SciencesUniversidad de Cantabria20252025-10-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/38357Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2025, 702, A6reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/383572026-06-02T12:39:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
title Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
spellingShingle Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
Mountrichas, Georgios
Galaxies:active
Galaxies: dwarf
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: Seyfert
Galaxies: star formation
title_short Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
title_full Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
title_fullStr Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
title_full_unstemmed Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
title_sort Fuelling, evolution, and diversity of active galactic nuclei in dwarf galaxies: insights from star formation and black hole scaling relations
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mountrichas, Georgios
Siudek, M.
Carrera Troyano, Francisco Jesús|||0000-0003-2135-9023
author Mountrichas, Georgios
author_facet Mountrichas, Georgios
Siudek, M.
Carrera Troyano, Francisco Jesús|||0000-0003-2135-9023
author_role author
author2 Siudek, M.
Carrera Troyano, Francisco Jesús|||0000-0003-2135-9023
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Galaxies:active
Galaxies: dwarf
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: Seyfert
Galaxies: star formation
topic Galaxies:active
Galaxies: dwarf
Galaxies: evolution
Galaxies: formation
Galaxies: Seyfert
Galaxies: star formation
description We investigated the star formation activity and black hole scaling relations in a sample of 1 451 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hosted by dwarf galaxies (log(M*/M⊙) < 10) at 0.5 < z < 0.9, drawn from the VIPERS survey. The sample comprises Seyferts and low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) identified through emission-line diagnostics, as well as IR-selected AGNs based on WISE mid-IR colours. Using the normalized star formation rate (SFRnorm), defined as the ratio of the SFR of a galaxy hosting an AGN to the median SFR of star-forming galaxies of similar stellar masses and redshifts, we compared AGN hosts to a control sample of non-AGN star-forming galaxies. We examined how SFRnorm varies with AGN power (L[OIII]), black hole mass (MBH), local environment, and stellar population age. We also analysed the MBH-M* relation and the evolution of the MBH/M* ratio, incorporating comparisons to X-ray AGNs and high-redshift quasars (z > 4). We note that black hole masses have been estimated from narrow-line diagnostics, which introduce significant scatter and can carry substantial uncertainties for individual sources, though they remain useful for identifying statistical trends. Our key findings are: (i) All AGN populations show suppressed star formation at low AGN luminosities, with SFRnorm rising above unity at different luminosity thresholds depending on AGN type. (ii) LINERs show flat SFRnorm trends with MBH, remaining broadly consistent with unity. Seyferts display a mild increase with MBH, while IR AGNs show a more pronounced positive trend. (iii) LINERs have older stellar populations than Seyferts. (iv) At fixed stellar mass, Seyferts host more massive black holes than LINERs, with IR AGNs falling in between. (v) The MBH/M* ratio is elevated relative to local scaling relations and remains approximately constant with redshift over 0.5 < z < 0.9, in agreement with high-z AGN measurements. (vi) The ratio decreases with stellar mass up to log(M*/M⊙)⁓11, beyond which it flattens towards values consistent with those of local, inactive galaxies; this trend is clearest for Seyferts and IR AGNs, while LINERs show no clear dependence. These results suggest that AGNs in dwarf galaxies follow diverse evolutionary pathways, shaped by gas availability, feedback, and selection effects.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-10-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10902/38357
url https://hdl.handle.net/10902/38357
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2025, 702, A6
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812429

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