Sonolytic degradation of benzophenone-3 in water matrices: Reaction mechanism, transformation products, ecotoxicological implications &
The degradation of the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by low-frequency ultrasound was investigated in different aqueous matrices. BP-3 sonodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, achieving >97 % removal of 500 μg L 1 of BP-3 within 120 min in ultrapure water (UPW), using a 20 kHz ultra...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad Autónoma de Madrid |
| Repositorio: | Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/727480 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10486/727480 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180087 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Benzophenone-3 Sonochemical degradation Transformation products Ecotoxicity Microplastics Química |
| Sumario: | The degradation of the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by low-frequency ultrasound was investigated in different aqueous matrices. BP-3 sonodegradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, achieving >97 % removal of 500 μg L 1 of BP-3 within 120 min in ultrapure water (UPW), using a 20 kHz ultrasound horn at 71 W L 1. Varying the initial pH from 3 to 6 and 9 had only a slight effect on the process efficacy, with corresponding kinetic constant rates of 0.029, 0.030, and 0.041 min 1, respectively. Experiments conducted in different water matrices showed a decrease in the apparent rate constant from 0.030 min 1 in ultrapure water to 0.027 min 1 in drinking water and 0.015 min 1 in secondary effluent. Similarly, the presence of 250 mg L 1 of chlorides or 10 mg L 1 of humic acid reduced the degradation rate to 0.016 and 0.020 min 1, respectively, while 250 mg L 1 of hydrogen carbonate had no significant effect. The presence of nano- or microplastics led to a moderate decrease in BP-3 removal, particularly with smaller particles. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed that fewer hydroxyl radicals were available in the presence of plastics. Twelve transformation products were identified by UHPLC-TOF/MS, resulting mainly from hydroxylation, demethylation |
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