Transforming Device Efficiency and Stability in NiO-Sputtered n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells by Soft-Landing and a Thin Spiro-OMeTAD Buffer Layer

[EN] The integration of inorganic materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical for enhancing long-term operational stability, scalability, and economic viability. Here, we demonstrate the transformational efficacy of using a modified protocol for sputtered nickel oxide as a hole transport...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Basak, Susmita, Sharma, Rajat, Pariari, Debasmita, Sarda, Nisha, Ghosh, Sudeshna, Ghosh, Subhashis, Vidhan, Arya, Baghel, Niranjan Singh, Senanayak, Satyaprasad P., Mora-Sero, Ivan, Sarma, D. D., Sarkar, Shaibal K., Boix, Pablo P.|||0000-0001-9518-7549
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Repositorio:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:riunet______::7ec8ae9c39824f5d13168419f5027a20
Acceso en línea:https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/234040
Access Level:acceso embargado
Palabra clave:NiO hole transporting layer (HTL)
N-i-p perovskite solar cell
Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering
Record efficiency
Thin Spiro-OMeTAD buffer layer
Descripción
Sumario:[EN] The integration of inorganic materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical for enhancing long-term operational stability, scalability, and economic viability. Here, we demonstrate the transformational efficacy of using a modified protocol for sputtered nickel oxide as a hole transport layer (HTL) in n-i-p structured PSCs, in conjunction with a thin Spiro-OMeTAD buffer layer. The introduction of a biased grid and a buffer interface enable us to achieve a soft landing of NiO on the halide perovskite, thereby minimizing process-induced interfacial damage. Our results indicate that the buffer layer serves solely as an interfacial protection layer, rather than as a functional HTL. Using this approach, we report champion power conversion efficiencies of 23.45% (mean approximate to 22.2%) on rigid glass substrates and 22.1% (mean approximate to 21%) on flexible ITO-coated PET substrates, both employing fully inorganic charge transport layers. These results represent unprecedented enhancements over previously reported highest PCE values (<12%) for n-i-p devices using sputtered NiO as the HTL, placing them on par with p-i-n architectures that utilize a combination of NiO and organic HTLs. This work demonstrates a scalable, commercially viable pathway toward high-efficiency, stable perovskite photovoltaics based solely on sputtered inorganic layers, offering a competitive edge for further development.