Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States

The tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM) has inspired the synthesis of several luminescent diradicaloids, providing an extraordinary opportunity to control the nature of the low-lying excited states by fine-tuning the diradical character. However, the photophysical properties of TTM-deriv...

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Autores: Mesto, Davide, Orza, Michele, Bardi, Brunella, Punzi, Angela, Ratera, Immaculada, Veciana, Jaume, Farinola, Gianluca, Painelli, Anna, Terenziani, Francesca, Blasi, Davide, Negri, Fabrizia
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/393992
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/393992
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003136241
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Chichibabin hydrocarbon
Charge resonance
Doubly excited state
Luminescent organic diradicals
Polyhalogenated trityl radicals
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network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
title Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
spellingShingle Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
Mesto, Davide
Chichibabin hydrocarbon
Charge resonance
Doubly excited state
Luminescent organic diradicals
Polyhalogenated trityl radicals
title_short Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
title_full Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
title_fullStr Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
title_full_unstemmed Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
title_sort Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited States
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mesto, Davide
Orza, Michele
Bardi, Brunella
Punzi, Angela
Ratera, Immaculada
Veciana, Jaume
Farinola, Gianluca
Painelli, Anna
Terenziani, Francesca
Blasi, Davide
Negri, Fabrizia
author Mesto, Davide
author_facet Mesto, Davide
Orza, Michele
Bardi, Brunella
Punzi, Angela
Ratera, Immaculada
Veciana, Jaume
Farinola, Gianluca
Painelli, Anna
Terenziani, Francesca
Blasi, Davide
Negri, Fabrizia
author_role author
author2 Orza, Michele
Bardi, Brunella
Punzi, Angela
Ratera, Immaculada
Veciana, Jaume
Farinola, Gianluca
Painelli, Anna
Terenziani, Francesca
Blasi, Davide
Negri, Fabrizia
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Generalitat de Catalunya
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España)
Università di Bologna
Mesto, Davide [0009-0007-4134-3842]
Orza, Michele [0000-0002-4935-6986]
Bardi, Brunella [0000-0003-2686-1119]
Punzi, Angela [0000-0001-5948-6373]
Ratera, Immaculada [0000-0002-1464-9789]
Veciana, Jaume [0000-0003-1023-9923]
Farinola, Gianluca [0000-0002-1601-2810]
Painelli, Anna [0000-0002-3500-3848]
Terenziani, Francesca [0000-0001-5162-9210]
Blasi, Davide [0000-0002-6887-3364]
Negri, Fabrizia [0000-0002-0359-0128]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Chichibabin hydrocarbon
Charge resonance
Doubly excited state
Luminescent organic diradicals
Polyhalogenated trityl radicals
topic Chichibabin hydrocarbon
Charge resonance
Doubly excited state
Luminescent organic diradicals
Polyhalogenated trityl radicals
description The tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM) has inspired the synthesis of several luminescent diradicaloids, providing an extraordinary opportunity to control the nature of the low-lying excited states by fine-tuning the diradical character. However, the photophysical properties of TTM-derived diradicals remain not fully understood yet. Here we present a combined theoretical and experimental investigation to elucidate the origin of their luminescence. The theoretical analysis explores a series of symmetric TTM-derived diradicals with singlet ground state and increasingly longer π-conjugated spacers between radical moieties, focussing on the nature of the lowest excited electronic states governing their photophysics. The study is complemented by a complete spectroscopic characterization of the TTM-TTM diradical, synthesized using a novel, simpler and more efficient procedure exploiting the unique reactivity of TTM. The diradicals feature two novel low-lying excited states, absent in TTM, arising from charge resonance (CR) between the radical units. The lowest CR state is characterized by the H,H→L,L double excitation (DE) and is a dark state for symmetric diradicals. The CR nature explains the blue-shifted emission observed by increasing the distance between the radical centres as seen in TTM-ph-TTM. This insight suggests different design strategies to improve the luminescence properties of TTM-derived diradicals.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/393992
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003136241
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/393992
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003136241
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137332OB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2023-001263-S
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
http://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202500749

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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley-VCH
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley-VCH
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instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Luminescent Trityl-based Diradicaloids: A Theoretical and Experimental Assessment of Charge-Resonance in Low-Lying Excited StatesMesto, DavideOrza, MicheleBardi, BrunellaPunzi, AngelaRatera, ImmaculadaVeciana, JaumeFarinola, GianlucaPainelli, AnnaTerenziani, FrancescaBlasi, DavideNegri, FabriziaChichibabin hydrocarbonCharge resonanceDoubly excited stateLuminescent organic diradicalsPolyhalogenated trityl radicalsThe tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (TTM) has inspired the synthesis of several luminescent diradicaloids, providing an extraordinary opportunity to control the nature of the low-lying excited states by fine-tuning the diradical character. However, the photophysical properties of TTM-derived diradicals remain not fully understood yet. Here we present a combined theoretical and experimental investigation to elucidate the origin of their luminescence. The theoretical analysis explores a series of symmetric TTM-derived diradicals with singlet ground state and increasingly longer π-conjugated spacers between radical moieties, focussing on the nature of the lowest excited electronic states governing their photophysics. The study is complemented by a complete spectroscopic characterization of the TTM-TTM diradical, synthesized using a novel, simpler and more efficient procedure exploiting the unique reactivity of TTM. The diradicals feature two novel low-lying excited states, absent in TTM, arising from charge resonance (CR) between the radical units. The lowest CR state is characterized by the H,H→L,L double excitation (DE) and is a dark state for symmetric diradicals. The CR nature explains the blue-shifted emission observed by increasing the distance between the radical centres as seen in TTM-ph-TTM. This insight suggests different design strategies to improve the luminescence properties of TTM-derived diradicals.D.M. gratefully acknowledges the PON-RI Industrial Chemical and Molecular Sciences PhD XXXVII cycle action for funding, an initiative co-founded by European Union through the PON2022-2025 for Green and Innovation topics (ID grant 634338). M.O., D.B., A.Pu. and F.N. acknowledge funding from Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR) PRIN 2022 project 202253P3YJ MULTIRADICALS4LIGHT: Design, synthesis, and characterization of inert MULTIfunctional diRADICALoidS for organic LIGHT-emitting transistors. A.Pa. and G.F. acknowledge PNRR MUR project PE0000023-NQSTI. B.B., A.Pa. and F.T. acknowledge the equipment and framework of the COMP−R Initiatives, funded by the “Departments of Excellence program of the Italian Ministry for University and Research” (MUR, 2023–2027). Financial support by the MICIU of Spain (projects PID2022-137332OBI00, CEX2023- 001263-S) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (project SGR Cat 2021-00438), Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), COST Action LUCES CA22131. This research work has also been funded by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC′s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP) and by the Quantera project OPTRIBITS PCI2024-153480. Open Access publishing facilitated by Università degli Studi di Bologna, as part of the Wiley - CRUI-CARE agreement.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2023-001263-S).Peer reviewedWiley-VCHEuropean CommissionMinistero dell'Università e della RicercaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Generalitat de CatalunyaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIICentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (España)Università di BolognaMesto, Davide [0009-0007-4134-3842]Orza, Michele [0000-0002-4935-6986]Bardi, Brunella [0000-0003-2686-1119]Punzi, Angela [0000-0001-5948-6373]Ratera, Immaculada [0000-0002-1464-9789]Veciana, Jaume [0000-0003-1023-9923]Farinola, Gianluca [0000-0002-1601-2810]Painelli, Anna [0000-0002-3500-3848]Terenziani, Francesca [0000-0001-5162-9210]Blasi, Davide [0000-0002-6887-3364]Negri, Fabrizia [0000-0002-0359-0128]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/393992https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105003136241reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-137332OB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2023-001263-SChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)http://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202500749Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3939922026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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