CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b

Yan, F.; Nortmann, L.; Reiners, Ansgar; Piskunov, N.; Hatzes, Artie P.; Seemann, U.; Shulyak, D.; Lavail, A.; Rains, A. D.; Cont, David; Rengel, M.; Lesjak, Fabio; Nagel, Evangelos; Kochukhov, O.; Czesla, S.; Boldt-Christmas, L.; Heiter, U.; Smoker, J. V.; Rodler, F.; Bristow, P.; Dorn, R. J.; Jung, Y.; Marquart, T.; Stempels, E.

CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b

The dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared...

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Autores:	Yan, F., Nortmann, L., Reiners, Ansgar, Piskunov, N., Hatzes, Artie P., Seemann, U., Shulyak, D., Lavail, A., Rains, A. D., Cont, David, Rengel, M., Lesjak, Fabio, Nagel, Evangelos, Kochukhov, O., Czesla, S., Boldt-Christmas, L., Heiter, U., Smoker, J. V., Rodler, F., Bristow, P., Dorn, R. J., Jung, Y., Marquart, T., Stempels, E.
Tipo de recurso:	artículo
Estado:	Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:	2023
País:	España
Institución:	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:	oai:digital.csic.es:10261/325889
Acceso en línea:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/325889
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palabra clave:	Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-18b Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-76b

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spelling	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76bYan, F.Nortmann, L.Reiners, AnsgarPiskunov, N.Hatzes, Artie P.Seemann, U.Shulyak, D.Lavail, A.Rains, A. D.Cont, DavidRengel, M.Lesjak, FabioNagel, EvangelosKochukhov, O.Czesla, S.Boldt-Christmas, L.Heiter, U.Smoker, J. V.Rodler, F.Bristow, P.Dorn, R. J.Jung, Y.Marquart, T.Stempels, E.Planets and satellites: atmospheresTechniques: spectroscopicPlanets and satellites: individual: WASP-18bPlanets and satellites: individual: WASP-76bThe dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected strong CO emission lines in both planets, which confirms the existence of temperature inversions on their dayside hemispheres. The two planets are the first UHJs orbiting F-type stars with CO emission lines detected; previous detections were mostly for UHJs orbiting A-type stars. Evidence of weak H2O emission signals is also found for both planets. We further applied forward-model retrievals on the detected CO lines and retrieved the temperature-pressure profiles along with the CO volume mixing ratios. The retrieved logarithmic CO mixing ratio of WASP-18b (−2.2−1.5+1.4) is slightly higher than the value predicted by the self-consistent model assuming solar abundance. For WASP-76b, the retrieved CO mixing ratio (−3.6−1.6+1.8) is broadly consistent with the value of solar abundance. In addition, we included the equatorial rotation velocity (υeq) in the retrieval when analyzing the line profile broadening. The obtained υeq is 7.0 ± 2.9 km s−1 for WASP-18b and 5.2−3.0+2.5 km s−1 for WASP-76b, which are consistent with the tidally locked rotational velocities. © The Authors 2023.The project is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) through Grants 05A11MG3, 05A14MG4, 05A17MG2 and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 108.22PH.001 and 108.22PH.002. F.Y. acknowledges the support of Frontier Scientific Research Program of Deep Space Exploration Laboratory (2022-QYKYJH-ZYTS-016). D.S. acknowledges the financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). M.R. acknowledges the support by the DFG priority program SPP 1992 “Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets” (DFG PR 36 24602/41).With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (SEV-2017-0709).Peer reviewedEDP SciencesMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)German Research FoundationConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202320232023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/325889reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//SEV-2017-0709http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245371Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3258892026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
title	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
spellingShingle	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b Yan, F. Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-18b Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-76b
title_short	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
title_full	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
title_fullStr	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
title_full_unstemmed	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
title_sort	CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Yan, F. Nortmann, L. Reiners, Ansgar Piskunov, N. Hatzes, Artie P. Seemann, U. Shulyak, D. Lavail, A. Rains, A. D. Cont, David Rengel, M. Lesjak, Fabio Nagel, Evangelos Kochukhov, O. Czesla, S. Boldt-Christmas, L. Heiter, U. Smoker, J. V. Rodler, F. Bristow, P. Dorn, R. J. Jung, Y. Marquart, T. Stempels, E.
author	Yan, F.
author_facet	Yan, F. Nortmann, L. Reiners, Ansgar Piskunov, N. Hatzes, Artie P. Seemann, U. Shulyak, D. Lavail, A. Rains, A. D. Cont, David Rengel, M. Lesjak, Fabio Nagel, Evangelos Kochukhov, O. Czesla, S. Boldt-Christmas, L. Heiter, U. Smoker, J. V. Rodler, F. Bristow, P. Dorn, R. J. Jung, Y. Marquart, T. Stempels, E.
author_role	author
author2	Nortmann, L. Reiners, Ansgar Piskunov, N. Hatzes, Artie P. Seemann, U. Shulyak, D. Lavail, A. Rains, A. D. Cont, David Rengel, M. Lesjak, Fabio Nagel, Evangelos Kochukhov, O. Czesla, S. Boldt-Christmas, L. Heiter, U. Smoker, J. V. Rodler, F. Bristow, P. Dorn, R. J. Jung, Y. Marquart, T. Stempels, E.
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv	Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) German Research Foundation Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-18b Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-76b
topic	Planets and satellites: atmospheres Techniques: spectroscopic Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-18b Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-76b
description	The dayside atmospheres of ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are predicted to possess temperature inversion layers with extremely high temperatures at high altitudes. We observed the dayside thermal emission spectra of WASP-18b and WASP-76b with the new CRIRES+ high-resolution spectrograph at near-infrared wavelengths. Using the cross-correlation technique, we detected strong CO emission lines in both planets, which confirms the existence of temperature inversions on their dayside hemispheres. The two planets are the first UHJs orbiting F-type stars with CO emission lines detected; previous detections were mostly for UHJs orbiting A-type stars. Evidence of weak H2O emission signals is also found for both planets. We further applied forward-model retrievals on the detected CO lines and retrieved the temperature-pressure profiles along with the CO volume mixing ratios. The retrieved logarithmic CO mixing ratio of WASP-18b (−2.2−1.5+1.4) is slightly higher than the value predicted by the self-consistent model assuming solar abundance. For WASP-76b, the retrieved CO mixing ratio (−3.6−1.6+1.8) is broadly consistent with the value of solar abundance. In addition, we included the equatorial rotation velocity (υeq) in the retrieval when analyzing the line profile broadening. The obtained υeq is 7.0 ± 2.9 km s−1 for WASP-18b and 5.2−3.0+2.5 km s−1 for WASP-76b, which are consistent with the tidally locked rotational velocities. © The Authors 2023.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2023 2023 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format	article
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/325889
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/325889
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv	#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//SEV-2017-0709 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245371 Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection	DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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CRIRES+ detection of CO emissions lines and temperature inversions on the dayside of WASP-18b and WASP-76b

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