RNA solutions to treat inborn errors of metabolism

RNA-based therapies are a new, rapidly growing class of drugs that until a few years ago were being used mainly in research in rare diseases. However, the clinical efficacy of recently approved oligonucleotide drugs and the massive success of COVID-19 RNA vaccines has boosted the interest in this ty...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Martínez Pizarro, Ainhoa, Ruiz Desviat, Lourdes
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Repositorio:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/709210
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10486/709210
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.006
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:mRNA
Antisense oligonucleotides
RNA interference
Gene silencing
siRNA
Splicing
Biología y Biomedicina / Biología
Descripción
Sumario:RNA-based therapies are a new, rapidly growing class of drugs that until a few years ago were being used mainly in research in rare diseases. However, the clinical efficacy of recently approved oligonucleotide drugs and the massive success of COVID-19 RNA vaccines has boosted the interest in this type of molecules of both scientists and industry, as wells as of the lay public. RNA drugs are easy to design and cost effective, with greatly improved pharmacokinetic properties thanks to progress in oligonucleotide chemistry over the years. Depending on the type of strategy employed, RNA therapies offer the versatility to replace, supplement, correct, suppress, or eliminate the expression of a targeted gene. Currently, there are more than a dozen RNA-based drugs approved for clinical use, including some for specific inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), and many other in different stages of development. New initiatives in n-of-1 RNA drug development offer new hope for patients with rare diseases and/or ultra-rare mutations. RNA-based therapeutics include antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, small interfering RNAs, small activating RNAs, microRNAs, lncRNAs and messenger RNAs. Further research and collaborations in the fields of chemistry, biology and medicine will help to overcome major challenges in their delivery to target tissues. Herein, we review the mechanism of action of the different therapeutic approaches using RNA drugs, focusing on those approved or in clinical trials to treat IEM