Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506

[Context] The infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G14.225-0.506 is part of the extended and massive molecular cloud located to the southwest of the H II region M17. The cloud is associated with a network of filaments, which result in two different dense hubs, as well as with several signposts of star formati...

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Autores: Díaz-Márquez, Elena, Grau, Roger, Busquet, Gemma, Girart, Josep Miquel, Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro, Palau, Aina, Povich, Matthew S., Añez-López, N., Liu, Hauyu Baobab, Zhang, Qizhou, Estalella, Robert
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/358069
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/358069
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Stars: formation
ISM: jets and outflows
Radio continuum: ISM
ISM: individual objects: G14.225-0.506
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network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
title Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
spellingShingle Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
Díaz-Márquez, Elena
Stars: formation
ISM: jets and outflows
Radio continuum: ISM
ISM: individual objects: G14.225-0.506
title_short Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
title_full Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
title_fullStr Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
title_full_unstemmed Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
title_sort Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Díaz-Márquez, Elena
Grau, Roger
Busquet, Gemma
Girart, Josep Miquel
Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro
Palau, Aina
Povich, Matthew S.
Añez-López, N.
Liu, Hauyu Baobab
Zhang, Qizhou
Estalella, Robert
author Díaz-Márquez, Elena
author_facet Díaz-Márquez, Elena
Grau, Roger
Busquet, Gemma
Girart, Josep Miquel
Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro
Palau, Aina
Povich, Matthew S.
Añez-López, N.
Liu, Hauyu Baobab
Zhang, Qizhou
Estalella, Robert
author_role author
author2 Grau, Roger
Busquet, Gemma
Girart, Josep Miquel
Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro
Palau, Aina
Povich, Matthew S.
Añez-López, N.
Liu, Hauyu Baobab
Zhang, Qizhou
Estalella, Robert
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Fundación BBVA
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
European Commission
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan)
European Research Council
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Stars: formation
ISM: jets and outflows
Radio continuum: ISM
ISM: individual objects: G14.225-0.506
topic Stars: formation
ISM: jets and outflows
Radio continuum: ISM
ISM: individual objects: G14.225-0.506
description [Context] The infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G14.225-0.506 is part of the extended and massive molecular cloud located to the southwest of the H II region M17. The cloud is associated with a network of filaments, which result in two different dense hubs, as well as with several signposts of star formation activity and a rich population of protostars and young stellar objects (YSOs).
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/358069
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/358069
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-117710GB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//RyC2021-032892-I
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2020-001058-M
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/855130
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348085
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dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Radio survey of the stellar population in the infrared dark cloud G14.225-0.506Díaz-Márquez, ElenaGrau, RogerBusquet, GemmaGirart, Josep MiquelSánchez-Monge, ÁlvaroPalau, AinaPovich, Matthew S.Añez-López, N.Liu, Hauyu BaobabZhang, QizhouEstalella, RobertStars: formationISM: jets and outflowsRadio continuum: ISMISM: individual objects: G14.225-0.506[Context] The infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G14.225-0.506 is part of the extended and massive molecular cloud located to the southwest of the H II region M17. The cloud is associated with a network of filaments, which result in two different dense hubs, as well as with several signposts of star formation activity and a rich population of protostars and young stellar objects (YSOs).[Aims] The aim of this work is to study the centimeter continuum emission in order to characterize the stellar population in both regions, as well as to study the evolutionary sequence across the IRDC G14.225-0.506.[Methods] We performed deep (~ 1.5–3 μJy) radio continuum observations at 6 and 3.6 cm toward the IRDC G14.225-0.506 using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in its most extended A configuration (~0.3″). Data at both C and X bands were imaged using the same (u,v) range in order to derive spectral indices. We have also made use of observations taken during different days to study the presence of variability at short timescales toward the detected sources.[Results] We detected a total of 66 sources, 32 in the northern region G14.2-N and 34 in the southern region G14.2-S. Ten of the sources are found to be variable, with three located in G14.2-N and seven in G14.2-S. Based on their spectral index, the emission in G14.2-N is mainly dominated by nonthermal sources while G14.2-S contains more thermal emitters. Approximately 75% of the sources present a counterpart at other wavelengths. When considering the inner 0.4 pc region around the center of each hub, the number of infrared (IR) sources in G14.2-N is larger than in G14.2-S by a factor of 4. We also studied the relation between the radio luminosity and the bolometric luminosity, finding that the thermal emission of the studied sources is compatible with thermal radio jets. For our sources with X-ray counterparts, the nonthermal emitters follow a Güdel-Benz relation with κ = 0.03, as previously suggested for other similar regions.[Conclusions] We found similar levels of fragmentation between G14.2-N and G14.2-S, suggesting that both regions are most likely twin hubs. The nonthermal emission found in the less evolved objects, mainly coming from G14.2-N, suggests that G14.2-N may be composed of more massive YSOs as well as being in a more advanced evolutionary stage, consistent with the “filament-halo” gradient in age and mass from previous works. Overall, our results confirm a wider evolutionary sequence from the southwest to northeast starting in G14.2-S as the youngest part, followed by G14.2-N, and ending with the most evolved region M17.Project supported by a 2022 Leonardo Grant for Researchers in Physics from the BBVA Foundation. The BBVA Foundation accepts no responsibility for the opinions, statements and contents included in the project and/or the results thereof, which are entirely the responsibility of the authors. E.D.D., G.B., J.M.G., A.S.M., and R.E. acknowledge support from the PID2020-117710GB-I00 grant funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033. A.S.M. acknowledges support from the RyC2021-032892-I grant funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union ‘Next GenerationEU’/PRTR, as well as the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M. A.P. acknowledges financial support from the UNAM-PAPIIT IG100223 grant, the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores of CONAHCyT, and from the CONAHCyT project number 86372 of the ‘Ciencia de Frontera 2019’ program, entitled ‘Citlalcóatl: A multi-scale study at the new frontier of the formation and early evolution of stars and planetary systems’, Mexico. N.A.L. acknowledges support from the European Research Council synergy grant ECOGAL (Grant : 855130). H.B.L. is supported by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) of Taiwan (Grant Nos. 111-2112-M-110-022-MY3).With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M).Peer reviewedEDP SciencesFundación BBVAMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoNational Science and Technology Council (Taiwan)European Research CouncilConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/358069reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-117710GB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//RyC2021-032892-Iinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2020-001058-Minfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/855130https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348085Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3580692026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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