Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR

We present LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) studies of supernovae SN 1979C, SN 1986J, and SN 2006X, focusing on new observations from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) and the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT). For Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) SN 2006X, we derive a 3σ upper limit of 0.7 mJy at 0.14...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Lundqvist, Peter, Venkattu, Deepika, Pérez Torres, Miguel, Moldón, Javier, Mahatma, Vijay, Chandra, Poonam
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Zaragoza
Repositorio:Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza
OAI Identifier:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:169084
Acceso en línea:http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169084
Access Level:acceso abierto
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spelling Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFARLundqvist, PeterVenkattu, DeepikaPérez Torres, MiguelMoldón, JavierMahatma, VijayChandra, PoonamWe present LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) studies of supernovae SN 1979C, SN 1986J, and SN 2006X, focusing on new observations from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) and the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT). For Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) SN 2006X, we derive a 3σ upper limit of 0.7 mJy at 0.146 GHz, and using radio emission models based on the CS15DD2 explosion model, we constrain the circumstellar density to nH ≲ 10 cm−3 for the microphysical parameters εrel = εB = 0.01. SN 1979C is clearly detected in the LoTSS image with a flux density of 4.6 ± 0.36 mJy nearly 40 yr postexplosion. Modeling its radio evolution suggests a steep flux decay (Fν ∝ t −2.1) between 22 and 42 yr, a break in the spectrum near 1.5 GHz possibly due to synchrotron cooling, a progenitor mass of ∼13 M⊙, and a progressive steepening with velocity for the density slope of the supernova ejecta. Our findings for SN 1979C contradict scenarios involving central compact object emission, and we obtain X-ray temperatures close to those derived from recent observations. For SN 1986J, we present the first ILT image showing a flux density of 6.77 ± 0.2 mJy at 0.146 GHz. The spectral index of the shell emission is found to be 0.66 ± 0.03, consistent with previous estimates, although variations at low frequencies warrant further investigation. Our results highlight the power of LOFAR for studying long-term radio evolution in supernovae.2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169084reponame:Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragozainstname:Universidad de ZaragozaInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2023-147883NB-C21info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:zaguan.unizar.es:1690842026-05-29T13:59:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
title Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
spellingShingle Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
Lundqvist, Peter
title_short Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
title_full Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
title_fullStr Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
title_full_unstemmed Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
title_sort Radio Studies of Supernovae 1979C, 1986J, and 2006X with LOFAR
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Lundqvist, Peter
Venkattu, Deepika
Pérez Torres, Miguel
Moldón, Javier
Mahatma, Vijay
Chandra, Poonam
author Lundqvist, Peter
author_facet Lundqvist, Peter
Venkattu, Deepika
Pérez Torres, Miguel
Moldón, Javier
Mahatma, Vijay
Chandra, Poonam
author_role author
author2 Venkattu, Deepika
Pérez Torres, Miguel
Moldón, Javier
Mahatma, Vijay
Chandra, Poonam
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
description We present LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) studies of supernovae SN 1979C, SN 1986J, and SN 2006X, focusing on new observations from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) and the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT). For Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) SN 2006X, we derive a 3σ upper limit of 0.7 mJy at 0.146 GHz, and using radio emission models based on the CS15DD2 explosion model, we constrain the circumstellar density to nH ≲ 10 cm−3 for the microphysical parameters εrel = εB = 0.01. SN 1979C is clearly detected in the LoTSS image with a flux density of 4.6 ± 0.36 mJy nearly 40 yr postexplosion. Modeling its radio evolution suggests a steep flux decay (Fν ∝ t −2.1) between 22 and 42 yr, a break in the spectrum near 1.5 GHz possibly due to synchrotron cooling, a progenitor mass of ∼13 M⊙, and a progressive steepening with velocity for the density slope of the supernova ejecta. Our findings for SN 1979C contradict scenarios involving central compact object emission, and we obtain X-ray temperatures close to those derived from recent observations. For SN 1986J, we present the first ILT image showing a flux density of 6.77 ± 0.2 mJy at 0.146 GHz. The spectral index of the shell emission is found to be 0.66 ± 0.03, consistent with previous estimates, although variations at low frequencies warrant further investigation. Our results highlight the power of LOFAR for studying long-term radio evolution in supernovae.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169084
url http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169084
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2023-147883NB-C21
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv
publisher.none.fl_str_mv
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza
instname:Universidad de Zaragoza
instname_str Universidad de Zaragoza
reponame_str Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza
collection Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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