Effectiveness of catch-up and at-birth nirsevimab immunisation against RSV hospital admission in the first year of life: a population-based case-control study, Spain, 2023/24 season

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity in infants < 1 year. In October 2023, Spain recommended the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab to all children born since 1 April 2023, at birth or as catch-up if born before October 2023.AimWe estimated nirsevimab effectivene...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Nuñez, Olivier, Olmedo, Carmen, Moreno-Perez, David, Lorusso, Nicola, Fernández Martínez, Sergio, Pastor Villalba, Pedro Eliseo, Gutierrez, Ángeles, Alonso Garcia, Marcos, Latasa, Pello, Sancho, Rosa, Mendioroz, Jacobo, Martinez-Marcos, Montserrat, Muñoz Platón, Enriqueta, García Rivera, María Victoria, Pérez-Martínez, Olaia, Álvarez-Gil, Rosa, Rivas Wagner, Eva, López González-Coviella, Nieves, Zornoza, Matilde, Barranco Boada, María Isabel, Pacheco, M Del Carmen, Álvarez Río, Virginia, Fiol Jaume, Miguel, Morey Arance, Roxana, Adiego Sancho, Begoña, Mendez Diaz, Manuel, Batalla, Noa, Andreu, Cristina, Castilla, Jesús, Garcia-Cenoz, Manuel, Fernández Ibáñez, Ana, Huerta Huerta, Marta, Ibáñez Pérez, Ana Carmen, Berradre-Sáenz, Belén, Lamas, Joaquín, Hermoso, Luisa, Casado Cobo, Susana, Galán Cuesta, Manuel, Montenegro, Sara, Domínguez, María, Jarrin Vera, Inmaculada, Limia, Aurora, Pastor-Barriuso, Roberto, Monge Corella, Susana, Nirsevimab Effectiveness Study Collaborators
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
Repositorio:Repisalud
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/26330
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/26330
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Nirsevimab
Effectiveness
Hospitalisation
Observational study
Respiratory syncytial virus
Antiviral Agents
Case-Control Studies
Female
Hospitalization
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Palivizumab
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
Seasons
Spain
Vaccination
Descripción
Sumario:Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity in infants < 1 year. In October 2023, Spain recommended the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab to all children born since 1 April 2023, at birth or as catch-up if born before October 2023.AimWe estimated nirsevimab effectiveness in preventing RSV hospitalisations during the 2023/24 season. Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based matched case-control study. Cases were children hospitalised for lower respiratory tract infection who were RSV PCR-positive. For each case, we selected four population density controls born in the same province and date (±2 days). We defined at-birth immunisation as receiving nirsevimab during the first 2 weeks of life, and catch-up immunisation within 30 days from campaign onset. Causal intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) effectiveness was estimated using inverse-probability-of-immunisation weighted conditional logistic regression. Results: We included 406 cases and 1,623 controls in catch-up and 546 cases and 2,182 controls in at-birth immunisation studies. Effectiveness in preventing RSV hospitalisations for catch-up immunisation was 71% (95% confidence interval (CI): 65-76) by ITT and 80% (95% CI: 75-84) PP. Effectiveness for at-birth immunisation was 78% (95% CI: 73-82) by ITT and 83% (95% CI: 79-87) PP. Effectiveness was similar for ICU admission, need of mechanical ventilation, and RSV viral subgroups A and B. Children born pre-term or with birthweight < 2,500 g showed lower PP effectiveness of 60-70%. Conclusions: Population-level nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis in children in their first RSV season was very effective in preventing RSV hospitalisations, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, with reduced but still high effectiveness for pre-term and low-birthweight children.

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