Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system
Despite numerous efforts to properly differentiate between contourites and other deep-water deposits in cores and outcrops, reliable diagnostic criteria are still lacking. The co-occurrence of downslope and along-slope sedimentary processes makes it particularly difficult to differentiate these rela...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/258983 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/258983 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Contourites Deep-water processes Gulf of Cadiz Hemipelagites Mixed-systems Turbidites |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system |
| title |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system |
| spellingShingle |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system De Castro, Sandra Contourites Deep-water processes Gulf of Cadiz Hemipelagites Mixed-systems Turbidites |
| title_short |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system |
| title_full |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system |
| title_fullStr |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system |
| title_sort |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
De Castro, Sandra Hernández-Molina, Francisco J. De Weger, Wouter Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco Javier Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco J. Mena, Anxo Llave, Estefanía Sierro, Francisco Javier |
| author |
De Castro, Sandra |
| author_facet |
De Castro, Sandra Hernández-Molina, Francisco J. De Weger, Wouter Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco Javier Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco J. Mena, Anxo Llave, Estefanía Sierro, Francisco Javier |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Hernández-Molina, Francisco J. De Weger, Wouter Rodríguez-Tovar, Francisco Javier Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco J. Mena, Anxo Llave, Estefanía Sierro, Francisco Javier |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Junta de Andalucía Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Contourites Deep-water processes Gulf of Cadiz Hemipelagites Mixed-systems Turbidites |
| topic |
Contourites Deep-water processes Gulf of Cadiz Hemipelagites Mixed-systems Turbidites |
| description |
Despite numerous efforts to properly differentiate between contourites and other deep-water deposits in cores and outcrops, reliable diagnostic criteria are still lacking. The co-occurrence of downslope and along-slope sedimentary processes makes it particularly difficult to differentiate these relatively homogeneous deposits. The main aim of this paper is to identify differences in deep-water sediments based on Principal Component Analysis of grain size and geochemistry, sedimentary facies, and reinforced by microfacies and ichnofacies. The sediments studied were obtained from two International Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 339 sites in mounded and sheeted drifts in the Gulf of Cadiz. The statistical approach led to the discernment of hemipelagites, silty contourites, sandy contourites, bottom current reworked sands, fine-grained turbidites and debrites over a range of depositional and physiographic elements. These elements are linked to contourite drifts, the drift-channel transition, the contourite channel and distal upper slope. When bottom currents or gravity-driven flows are not the dominant depositional process, marine productivity and continental input settling forms the main depositional mechanism in deep-water environments. This is reflected by a high variability of the first principal component in hemipelagic deposits. The stacked principal component variability of these deposits evidences that the contourite drift and the adjacent contourite channel were influenced by the interrelation of hemipelagic, gravitational and bottom current induced depositional processes. This interrelation questions the paradigm that a drift is made up solely of muddy sediments. The interrelation of sedimentary processes is a consequence of the precession-driven changes in the intensity of the Mediterranean Outflow Water related to Mediterranean climate variability, which are punctuated by millennial-scale variability. Associated vertical and lateral shifts of the Mediterranean Outflow Water, and therefore of its interface with the East North Atlantic Central Water, controlled sediment input and favoured turbulent sediment transport in the middle slope. During the interglacial precession maxima/insolation minima, a more vigorous upper core of the Mediterranean Outflow Water and the enhanced impact of the East North Atlantic Central Water – Mediterranean Outflow Water interface allowed for the development of the sandier contourite deposits. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 2022 2022 2022 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/258983 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/258983 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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John Wiley & Sons |
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John Wiley & Sons |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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1869416188209004544 |
| spelling |
Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep-water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional systemDe Castro, SandraHernández-Molina, Francisco J.De Weger, WouterRodríguez-Tovar, Francisco JavierJiménez-Espejo, Francisco J.Mena, AnxoLlave, EstefaníaSierro, Francisco JavierContouritesDeep-water processesGulf of CadizHemipelagitesMixed-systemsTurbiditesDespite numerous efforts to properly differentiate between contourites and other deep-water deposits in cores and outcrops, reliable diagnostic criteria are still lacking. The co-occurrence of downslope and along-slope sedimentary processes makes it particularly difficult to differentiate these relatively homogeneous deposits. The main aim of this paper is to identify differences in deep-water sediments based on Principal Component Analysis of grain size and geochemistry, sedimentary facies, and reinforced by microfacies and ichnofacies. The sediments studied were obtained from two International Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 339 sites in mounded and sheeted drifts in the Gulf of Cadiz. The statistical approach led to the discernment of hemipelagites, silty contourites, sandy contourites, bottom current reworked sands, fine-grained turbidites and debrites over a range of depositional and physiographic elements. These elements are linked to contourite drifts, the drift-channel transition, the contourite channel and distal upper slope. When bottom currents or gravity-driven flows are not the dominant depositional process, marine productivity and continental input settling forms the main depositional mechanism in deep-water environments. This is reflected by a high variability of the first principal component in hemipelagic deposits. The stacked principal component variability of these deposits evidences that the contourite drift and the adjacent contourite channel were influenced by the interrelation of hemipelagic, gravitational and bottom current induced depositional processes. This interrelation questions the paradigm that a drift is made up solely of muddy sediments. The interrelation of sedimentary processes is a consequence of the precession-driven changes in the intensity of the Mediterranean Outflow Water related to Mediterranean climate variability, which are punctuated by millennial-scale variability. Associated vertical and lateral shifts of the Mediterranean Outflow Water, and therefore of its interface with the East North Atlantic Central Water, controlled sediment input and favoured turbulent sediment transport in the middle slope. During the interglacial precession maxima/insolation minima, a more vigorous upper core of the Mediterranean Outflow Water and the enhanced impact of the East North Atlantic Central Water – Mediterranean Outflow Water interface allowed for the development of the sandier contourite deposits.his project was funded through the Joint Industry Project supported by BP, ENI, ExxonMobil, TOTAL, Wintershall Dea and TGS, within the framework of “The Drifters” Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), in conjunction with the projects CTM 2012‐39599‐C03, CGL2015‐66835‐P, CTM2016‐75129‐C3‐1‐R, CGL2016‐80445‐R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and B‐RNM‐072‐UGR18. This research used data and samples collected by IODP Expedition 339 aboard the Joides Resolution. Data was acquired at the XRF Core Scanner Lab at MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany. Our thanks to Dr Javier Dorador (RHUL, UK) for the high‐resolution core imaging treatment, to Dr David Roque (ICMAN‐CSIC, Spain) for his help in the hydrographic panels from Fig. 2 , and to Dr Ángel Puga‐Bernabéu (University of Granada, Spain) for revision that helped to improve the original version of the manuscript before submission. This study significantly benefited from discussions with all who attended the IODP Exp. 339 MOW meeting in Heidelberg (Germany) in January 2019. We would like to thank Associate Editor Dr Adam McArthur and the three reviewers, Dr Rachel Brackenridge, Dr Giancarlo Davoli and Dr Adriano Viana, for their positive and constructive comments that helped us improve the manuscript.John Wiley & SonsMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Junta de AndalucíaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2022202220212022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/258983reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CTM 2012‐39599‐C03info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CGL2015‐66835‐Pinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CTM2016‐75129‐C3‐1‐Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CGL2016‐80445‐Rhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sed.12813Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2589832026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15,812429 |