Innovation capability and internationalization in family firms: the moderating role of family involvement across governance layers

Innovation is widely recognized as a driver of internationalization, but it does not automatically translate into international scale. This is especially true for family firms, where governance structures and socioemotional wealth (SEW) priorities shape willingness to commit resources to foreign mar...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Authors: Filipescu, Diana A., Cruz Cázares, Claudio, Hernández-Vivanco, Alfonso, Garcés Galdeano, Lucía
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2026
Country:España
Institution:Universidad Pública de Navarra
Repository:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:academicae__::4d8f56a82703559be432e4f2fc4bf090
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/57146
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Family firms
Governance layers
Innovation
Internationalization scale
Socioemotional wealth
TMT
Uppsala Model
Description
Summary:Innovation is widely recognized as a driver of internationalization, but it does not automatically translate into international scale. This is especially true for family firms, where governance structures and socioemotional wealth (SEW) priorities shape willingness to commit resources to foreign markets under uncertainty. Drawing on the Uppsala Model, we examine how family involvement moderates the translation of innovation into internationalization. We propose a governance-layered perspective: family involvement in the top management team (TMT) activates a restricted SEW orientation that may limit international commitment, whereas involvement outside the TMT fosters an extended SEW orientation that facilitates it. Using a longitudinal dataset of 7994 observations from 1506 Spanish SME family firms (1996–2020) and a two-step GMM estimation, we find that family involvement outside the TMT positively moderates the innovation-export intensity relationship, while involvement within the TMT has a negative effect. Our study advances the Uppsala Model by introducing governance-layered SEW as a behavioral mechanism explaining heterogeneity in firms’ commitment to foreign markets, offering both theoretical insight and practical guidance for family firms seeking to leverage innovation for international growth.