Online signature verification systems on a low-cost FPGA

This paper describes three different approaches for the implementation of an online signature verification system on a low-cost FPGA. The system is based on an algorithm, which operates on real numbers using the double-precision floating-point IEEE 754 format. The doubleprecision computations are re...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Cantó Navarro, Enrique, Ramos Lara, Rafael Ramón|||0000-0001-6363-7250, López García, Mariano|||0000-0002-5556-233X
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/361566
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/361566
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010378
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Digital signatures
Biometry
Biometric identification
Online signature
FPGA
Biometrics verification
DTW
Hardware accelerator
Fixed-point
Signatures electròniques
Biometria
Identificació biomètrica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Seguretat informàtica::Criptografia
Descripción
Sumario:This paper describes three different approaches for the implementation of an online signature verification system on a low-cost FPGA. The system is based on an algorithm, which operates on real numbers using the double-precision floating-point IEEE 754 format. The doubleprecision computations are replaced by simpler formats, without affecting the biometrics performance, in order to permit efficient implementations on low-cost FPGA families. The first approach is an embedded system based on MicroBlaze, a 32-bit soft-core microprocessor designed for Xilinx FPGAs, which can be configured by including a single-precision floating-point unit (FPU). The second implementation attaches a hardware accelerator to the embedded system to reduce the execution time on floating-point vectors. The last approach is a custom computing system, which is built from a large set of arithmetic circuits that replace the floating-point data with a more efficient representation based on fixed-point format. The latter system provides a very high runtime acceleration factor at the expense of using a large number of FPGA resources, a complex development cycle and no flexibility since it cannot be adapted to other biometric algorithms. By contrast, the first system provides just the opposite features, while the second approach is a mixed solution between both of them. The experimental results show that both the hardware accelerator and the custom computing system reduce the execution time by a factor ×7.6 and ×201 but increase the logic FPGA resources by a factor ×2.3 and ×5.2, respectively, in comparison with the MicroBlaze embedded system.