Feasibility study on the use of drone for soil moisture estimation

Soil moisture is a key parameter in agriculture, hydrology, and environmental monitoring. Traditional measurement methods-such as ground-based sensors and satellite remote sensing-face limitations in terms of spatial resolution, cost, or operational convenience. With the continuous advancement of UA...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Zhang, Jiaqi
Tipo de recurso: tesis de maestría
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/448560
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/448560
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Soil moisture
Drone aircraft
Aerospace engineering
UAV
Vegetation
Soil
QGIS
Multispectral
Imagery
Moisture
Sòls--Humitat
Avions no tripulats
Enginyeria aeroespacial
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Aeronàutica i espai
Descripción
Sumario:Soil moisture is a key parameter in agriculture, hydrology, and environmental monitoring. Traditional measurement methods-such as ground-based sensors and satellite remote sensing-face limitations in terms of spatial resolution, cost, or operational convenience. With the continuous advancement of UAV technology and lightweight sensors, high-resolution and cost-effective soil moisture monitoring using UAVs has become feasible. This study aims to explore the feasibility of estimating soil moisture using UAVs, with a focus on evaluating their technical feasibility and system performance. The research includes a literature review and methodological study, selection and assessment of UAV platforms and sensors, and processing and performance analysis based on open-source data. By using QGIS tools to process multispectral imagery and calculate various vegetation indices (such as NDVI, NDWI, SAVI, and PDI), the results indicate that UAVs possess strong potential for multispectral imaging and vegetation index analysis, which can be used to indirectly infer the spatial distribution of soil moisture. This study verifies the effectiveness of UAV remote sensing technology through the processing and analysis of two open datasets: the SiDroForest dataset (covering the Siberian boreal forest region) and the Côte d'Ivoire cocoa plantation dataset. Both datasets were acquired using UAVs equipped with RGB and multispectral cameras. Band calculations and vegetation index inversions-including NDVI, NDWI, SAVI, and PDI-were performed using the QGIS platform to generate multi-indicator visualization maps. The analysis results demonstrate that different vegetation indices perform well in bare soil identification, assessment of water stress in vegetated areas, and extraction of spatial heterogeneity features, providing an effective basis for the indirect estimation of soil moisture.