Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics

This article reviews some recent strategies for sensitivity optimization in planar microwave sensors operating at a single frequency, namely, phase-variation sensors and magnitude-variation sensors. In most cases, both sensor types (fed by a single-tone harmonic signal) consist of a transmission lin...

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Autores: Casacuberta, Pau|||0000-0002-2658-2200, Ebrahimi, Amir|||0000-0002-1787-2230, Vélez, Paris|||0000-0001-6502-5987, Su, Lijuan|||0000-0002-4753-9340, Canalias, Xavier|||0009-0002-6473-7514, Ghorbani, Kamran|||0000-0001-8767-0207, Martín, Ferran|||0000-0002-1494-9167
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:302606
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/302606
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452433
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Sensitivity
Optimization
Microwave sensors
Sensors
Permittivity
Resonant frequency
Reflection
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spelling Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and MicrofluidicsCasacuberta, Pau|||0000-0002-2658-2200Ebrahimi, Amir|||0000-0002-1787-2230Vélez, Paris|||0000-0001-6502-5987Su, Lijuan|||0000-0002-4753-9340Canalias, Xavier|||0009-0002-6473-7514Ghorbani, Kamran|||0000-0001-8767-0207Martín, Ferran|||0000-0002-1494-9167SensitivityOptimizationMicrowave sensorsSensorsPermittivityResonant frequencyReflectionThis article reviews some recent strategies for sensitivity optimization in planar microwave sensors operating at a single frequency, namely, phase-variation sensors and magnitude-variation sensors. In most cases, both sensor types (fed by a single-tone harmonic signal) consist of a transmission line-based structure, typically (although not necessarily) loaded or coupled with a resonant element, and can operate either in reflection or in transmission. Hence, sensitivity optimization requires that either the phase (in phase-variation sensors) or the magnitude (in magnitude-variation sensors) of the reflection or transmission coefficient exhibits a strong variation with changes in the input variable (or measurand), typically, the permittivity of the so-called material under test (MUT) or any other variable related to it (humidity, temperature, proximity, and so on). It is shown in this article that the key aspect for sensitivity enhancement in phase-variation sensors is to achieve a high slope in the phase response at the operating frequency. Similarly, a high slope in the magnitude response at the operating frequency contributes to boost the sensitivity in magnitude-variation sensors. Nevertheless, there are other strategies to optimize the sensitivity in magnitude-variation sensors that will also be discussed (e.g., disrupting the symmetry in balanced structures, such as couplers). Several prototype examples and potential applications are reported to illustrate the high potential of these sensors. 22025-01-0120252025-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/302606https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452433reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengAgencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 PID2022-139181OB-I00Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003030 2021/SGR-00192Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades https://doi.org/10.13039/100014440 FPU20/05700Agencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 RYC2022-035819-IAgencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 PREP2022-000364open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:3026062026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
title Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
spellingShingle Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
Casacuberta, Pau|||0000-0002-2658-2200
Sensitivity
Optimization
Microwave sensors
Sensors
Permittivity
Resonant frequency
Reflection
title_short Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
title_full Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
title_fullStr Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
title_full_unstemmed Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
title_sort Sensitivity Optimization in Single-Frequency Planar Microwave Sensors for Solid and Liquid Characterization and Microfluidics
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Casacuberta, Pau|||0000-0002-2658-2200
Ebrahimi, Amir|||0000-0002-1787-2230
Vélez, Paris|||0000-0001-6502-5987
Su, Lijuan|||0000-0002-4753-9340
Canalias, Xavier|||0009-0002-6473-7514
Ghorbani, Kamran|||0000-0001-8767-0207
Martín, Ferran|||0000-0002-1494-9167
author Casacuberta, Pau|||0000-0002-2658-2200
author_facet Casacuberta, Pau|||0000-0002-2658-2200
Ebrahimi, Amir|||0000-0002-1787-2230
Vélez, Paris|||0000-0001-6502-5987
Su, Lijuan|||0000-0002-4753-9340
Canalias, Xavier|||0009-0002-6473-7514
Ghorbani, Kamran|||0000-0001-8767-0207
Martín, Ferran|||0000-0002-1494-9167
author_role author
author2 Ebrahimi, Amir|||0000-0002-1787-2230
Vélez, Paris|||0000-0001-6502-5987
Su, Lijuan|||0000-0002-4753-9340
Canalias, Xavier|||0009-0002-6473-7514
Ghorbani, Kamran|||0000-0001-8767-0207
Martín, Ferran|||0000-0002-1494-9167
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Sensitivity
Optimization
Microwave sensors
Sensors
Permittivity
Resonant frequency
Reflection
topic Sensitivity
Optimization
Microwave sensors
Sensors
Permittivity
Resonant frequency
Reflection
description This article reviews some recent strategies for sensitivity optimization in planar microwave sensors operating at a single frequency, namely, phase-variation sensors and magnitude-variation sensors. In most cases, both sensor types (fed by a single-tone harmonic signal) consist of a transmission line-based structure, typically (although not necessarily) loaded or coupled with a resonant element, and can operate either in reflection or in transmission. Hence, sensitivity optimization requires that either the phase (in phase-variation sensors) or the magnitude (in magnitude-variation sensors) of the reflection or transmission coefficient exhibits a strong variation with changes in the input variable (or measurand), typically, the permittivity of the so-called material under test (MUT) or any other variable related to it (humidity, temperature, proximity, and so on). It is shown in this article that the key aspect for sensitivity enhancement in phase-variation sensors is to achieve a high slope in the phase response at the operating frequency. Similarly, a high slope in the magnitude response at the operating frequency contributes to boost the sensitivity in magnitude-variation sensors. Nevertheless, there are other strategies to optimize the sensitivity in magnitude-variation sensors that will also be discussed (e.g., disrupting the symmetry in balanced structures, such as couplers). Several prototype examples and potential applications are reported to illustrate the high potential of these sensors.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2025-01-01
2025
2025-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/302606
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452433
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/302606
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1109/TMTT.2024.3452433
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 PID2022-139181OB-I00
Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003030 2021/SGR-00192
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades https://doi.org/10.13039/100014440 FPU20/05700
Agencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 RYC2022-035819-I
Agencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 PREP2022-000364
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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