Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry

A review and a synthesis of the geological, mineralogical, and crystal chemical data available in the literature on active Spanish bentonitic exploitations were done, and at the same time, new data are provided from a set of representative samples from these deposits. They were located in three diff...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: García Romero, Emilia, Manchado, Eva María, Suárez, Mercedes, García Rivas, Javier
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Recursos:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/13784
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/13784
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:553.611
549.6
bentonite
smectite
Mg clays
stevensite
saponite
montmorillonite
beidellite
kerolite
Geología
Mineralogía (Geología)
2506 Geología
2506.11 Mineralogía
id ES_a6fc85a5eb3c519782cf4cf3ea3922ed
oai_identifier_str oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/13784
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal ChemistryGarcía Romero, EmiliaManchado, Eva MaríaSuárez, MercedesGarcía Rivas, Javier553.611549.6bentonitesmectiteMg claysstevensitesaponitemontmorillonitebeidellitekeroliteGeologíaMineralogía (Geología)2506 Geología2506.11 MineralogíaA review and a synthesis of the geological, mineralogical, and crystal chemical data available in the literature on active Spanish bentonitic exploitations were done, and at the same time, new data are provided from a set of representative samples from these deposits. They were located in three different areas with different geological origins: (1) Miocene sedimentary deposits from the Tajo Basin (Madrid–Toledo provinces) in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, where bentonites appear in two different units named for their colors (Green Clays and Pink Clays); (2) samples from Tamame de Sayago (Zamora province) originating from the hydrothermal alteration of granitic Variscan rocks; and 3) Miocene deposits originating from the hydrothermal alteration of volcanic or subvolcanic rocks from the Cabo de Gata volcanic area (Almería Province) in the southern part of Spain, where the three main deposits (Cortijo de Archidona, Los Trancos, and Morrón de Mateo) were studied. The bentonites from the Tajo Basin were formed mainly by trioctahedral smectites, and there were significant mineralogical differences between the Green and Pink Clays, both in terms of the contents of impurities and in terms of smectite crystallochemistry and crystallinity. The smectites from Tamame de Sayago were dioctahedral (montmorillonite–beidellite series), and they appeared with kaolinite, quartz, and mica in all possible proportions, from almost pure bentonite to kaolin. Finally, the compositions of the bentonites from the three studied deposits in Cabo de Gata were quite similar, and zeolites and plagioclases were the main impurities. The structural formulae of the smectites from Cortijo de Archidona and Los Trancos showed a continuous compositional variation in beidellite–montmorillonite, while in Morrón de Mateo, the smectites were mainly montmorillonite, although there was continuous compositional variation from Al montmorillonites to Fe–Mg-rich saponites. The variation in the smectite composition is due to the intrusion of a volcanic dome, which brings new fluids that alter the initial composition of the smectites.MDPIUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20192019-01-0120192019-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/13784reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/137842026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
title Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
spellingShingle Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
García Romero, Emilia
553.611
549.6
bentonite
smectite
Mg clays
stevensite
saponite
montmorillonite
beidellite
kerolite
Geología
Mineralogía (Geología)
2506 Geología
2506.11 Mineralogía
title_short Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
title_full Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
title_fullStr Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
title_full_unstemmed Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
title_sort Spanish Bentonites: A Review and New Data on Their Geology, Mineralogy, and Crystal Chemistry
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv García Romero, Emilia
Manchado, Eva María
Suárez, Mercedes
García Rivas, Javier
author García Romero, Emilia
author_facet García Romero, Emilia
Manchado, Eva María
Suárez, Mercedes
García Rivas, Javier
author_role author
author2 Manchado, Eva María
Suárez, Mercedes
García Rivas, Javier
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 553.611
549.6
bentonite
smectite
Mg clays
stevensite
saponite
montmorillonite
beidellite
kerolite
Geología
Mineralogía (Geología)
2506 Geología
2506.11 Mineralogía
topic 553.611
549.6
bentonite
smectite
Mg clays
stevensite
saponite
montmorillonite
beidellite
kerolite
Geología
Mineralogía (Geología)
2506 Geología
2506.11 Mineralogía
description A review and a synthesis of the geological, mineralogical, and crystal chemical data available in the literature on active Spanish bentonitic exploitations were done, and at the same time, new data are provided from a set of representative samples from these deposits. They were located in three different areas with different geological origins: (1) Miocene sedimentary deposits from the Tajo Basin (Madrid–Toledo provinces) in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, where bentonites appear in two different units named for their colors (Green Clays and Pink Clays); (2) samples from Tamame de Sayago (Zamora province) originating from the hydrothermal alteration of granitic Variscan rocks; and 3) Miocene deposits originating from the hydrothermal alteration of volcanic or subvolcanic rocks from the Cabo de Gata volcanic area (Almería Province) in the southern part of Spain, where the three main deposits (Cortijo de Archidona, Los Trancos, and Morrón de Mateo) were studied. The bentonites from the Tajo Basin were formed mainly by trioctahedral smectites, and there were significant mineralogical differences between the Green and Pink Clays, both in terms of the contents of impurities and in terms of smectite crystallochemistry and crystallinity. The smectites from Tamame de Sayago were dioctahedral (montmorillonite–beidellite series), and they appeared with kaolinite, quartz, and mica in all possible proportions, from almost pure bentonite to kaolin. Finally, the compositions of the bentonites from the three studied deposits in Cabo de Gata were quite similar, and zeolites and plagioclases were the main impurities. The structural formulae of the smectites from Cortijo de Archidona and Los Trancos showed a continuous compositional variation in beidellite–montmorillonite, while in Morrón de Mateo, the smectites were mainly montmorillonite, although there was continuous compositional variation from Al montmorillonites to Fe–Mg-rich saponites. The variation in the smectite composition is due to the intrusion of a volcanic dome, which brings new fluids that alter the initial composition of the smectites.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2019-01-01
2019
2019-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/13784
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/13784
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 3.0 España
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,300724