3D glioblastoma molecular responses to carbon dot-delivered riluzole probed by synchrotron FTIR
Engineered carbon-based nanocarriers provide a versatile platform for probing drug delivery−induced molecular responses in complex cellular models. Here, we report 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS)−derived carbon dots (CDs) as vehicles for riluzole delivery in three-dimensional (3D) g...
| Autores: | , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2026 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad Pública de Navarra |
| Repositorio: | Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:dnet:academicae__::5cd6c366bc98667375c3ccbb186b2487 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2454/56899 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Cancer Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Genetics Monomers Peptides and proteins |
| Sumario: | Engineered carbon-based nanocarriers provide a versatile platform for probing drug delivery−induced molecular responses in complex cellular models. Here, we report 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS)−derived carbon dots (CDs) as vehicles for riluzole delivery in three-dimensional (3D) glioblastoma (GBM) spheroids, with 3D astrocyte spheroids employed as nontumoral control samples. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectro-microscopy was used to map subcellular biochemical responses, enabling label-free, high-resolution chemical imaging within intact 3D architectures. Multivariate analysis of SR-FTIR data revealed GBM-specific biomolecular alterations following treatment, including DNA conformational changes, lipid peroxidation, and protein secondary structure remodeling, whereas astrocyte spheroids exhibited minimal spectral perturbations, indicating a selective molecular response. Supervised classification using orthogonal partial leastsquares−discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) with constrained repeated random sampling cross-validation reliably differentiated treated and control spheroids, achieving high pixel-level classification accuracy and spatial consistency. These results demonstrate the capability of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy and imaging combined with multivariate analysis to resolve treatment-induced molecular responses in 3D tumor models while discriminating nontumoral controls. This integrated nanomaterial−spectroscopy approach provides a robust, data-driven framework for analytically evaluating nanocarrier−drug−cell interactions in complex biological systems. |
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