High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) studies usually rely on cross-sectional data of large cohorts but limited repeated samples, overlooking significant inter-individual antibody kinetic differences. By combining Luminex, activation-induced marker (AIM) and IFN-γ/IL-2 Fluoros...

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Autores: Rubio, Rocío, Macià, Dídac, Barrios, Diana, Vidal, Marta, Jiménez, Alfons, Molinos-Albert, Luis M., Díaz, Natalia, Canyelles, Mar, Lara Escandell, Maria, Planchais, Cyril, Santamaria, Pere, Carolis, Carlo, Izquierdo, Luis, Aguilar, Ruth, Moncunill, Gemma, Dobaño, Carlota
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Recursos:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Repositorio:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/68883
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Antibody kinetics
COVID-19 vaccine
Memory T-cell responses
SARS-CoV-2
VoCs
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spelling High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccinationRubio, RocíoMacià, DídacBarrios, DianaVidal, MartaJiménez, AlfonsMolinos-Albert, Luis M.Díaz, NataliaCanyelles, MarLara Escandell, MariaPlanchais, CyrilSantamaria, PereCarolis, CarloIzquierdo, LuisAguilar, RuthMoncunill, GemmaDobaño, CarlotaAntibody kineticsCOVID-19 vaccineMemory T-cell responsesSARS-CoV-2VoCsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) studies usually rely on cross-sectional data of large cohorts but limited repeated samples, overlooking significant inter-individual antibody kinetic differences. By combining Luminex, activation-induced marker (AIM) and IFN-γ/IL-2 Fluorospot assays, we characterized the IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody kinetics using 610 samples from 31 healthy adults over two years after COVID-19 vaccination, and the T-cell responses six months post-booster. Antibody trajectories varied among isotypes: IgG decayed slowly, IgA exhibited an initial sharp decline, which gradually slowed down and stabilized above the seropositivity threshold. Contrarily, IgM rapidly dropped to undetectable levels after primary vaccination. Importantly, three vaccine doses induced higher and more durable anti-spike IgG and IgA levels compared to two doses, whereas infection led to the highest antibody peak and slowest antibody decay rate compared to vaccination. Comparing with ancestral virus, antibody levels recognizing Omicron subvariants had a faster antibody decay. Finally, polyfunctional T cells were positively associated with subsequent IgA responses. These results revealed distinctive antibody patterns by isotype and highlight the benefits of booster doses in enhancing and sustaining antibody responses.This work was supported by the Fundació Privada Daniel Bravo Andreu and by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101046314 (END-VOC). RR had the support of the Health Department, Catalan Government (PERIS SLT017/20/000224). GM was supported by RYC 2020-029886-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF). MLE received support from the grant 100046TC21_2022 INV-1 00046 funded by AGAUR/European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. PS was supported by PID2021-125493OB-I00 grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. We acknowledge support from the grant CEX2018-000806-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.Elsevier202420242025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/68883http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPFinstname:Universitat Pompeu FabraInglésMicrobes Infect. 2025 Feb;27(2):105423info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101046314© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Institut Pasteur. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/688832026-06-12T07:21:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
title High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
spellingShingle High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
Rubio, Rocío
Antibody kinetics
COVID-19 vaccine
Memory T-cell responses
SARS-CoV-2
VoCs
title_short High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
title_full High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
title_fullStr High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
title_full_unstemmed High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
title_sort High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rubio, Rocío
Macià, Dídac
Barrios, Diana
Vidal, Marta
Jiménez, Alfons
Molinos-Albert, Luis M.
Díaz, Natalia
Canyelles, Mar
Lara Escandell, Maria
Planchais, Cyril
Santamaria, Pere
Carolis, Carlo
Izquierdo, Luis
Aguilar, Ruth
Moncunill, Gemma
Dobaño, Carlota
author Rubio, Rocío
author_facet Rubio, Rocío
Macià, Dídac
Barrios, Diana
Vidal, Marta
Jiménez, Alfons
Molinos-Albert, Luis M.
Díaz, Natalia
Canyelles, Mar
Lara Escandell, Maria
Planchais, Cyril
Santamaria, Pere
Carolis, Carlo
Izquierdo, Luis
Aguilar, Ruth
Moncunill, Gemma
Dobaño, Carlota
author_role author
author2 Macià, Dídac
Barrios, Diana
Vidal, Marta
Jiménez, Alfons
Molinos-Albert, Luis M.
Díaz, Natalia
Canyelles, Mar
Lara Escandell, Maria
Planchais, Cyril
Santamaria, Pere
Carolis, Carlo
Izquierdo, Luis
Aguilar, Ruth
Moncunill, Gemma
Dobaño, Carlota
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Antibody kinetics
COVID-19 vaccine
Memory T-cell responses
SARS-CoV-2
VoCs
topic Antibody kinetics
COVID-19 vaccine
Memory T-cell responses
SARS-CoV-2
VoCs
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) studies usually rely on cross-sectional data of large cohorts but limited repeated samples, overlooking significant inter-individual antibody kinetic differences. By combining Luminex, activation-induced marker (AIM) and IFN-γ/IL-2 Fluorospot assays, we characterized the IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody kinetics using 610 samples from 31 healthy adults over two years after COVID-19 vaccination, and the T-cell responses six months post-booster. Antibody trajectories varied among isotypes: IgG decayed slowly, IgA exhibited an initial sharp decline, which gradually slowed down and stabilized above the seropositivity threshold. Contrarily, IgM rapidly dropped to undetectable levels after primary vaccination. Importantly, three vaccine doses induced higher and more durable anti-spike IgG and IgA levels compared to two doses, whereas infection led to the highest antibody peak and slowest antibody decay rate compared to vaccination. Comparing with ancestral virus, antibody levels recognizing Omicron subvariants had a faster antibody decay. Finally, polyfunctional T cells were positively associated with subsequent IgA responses. These results revealed distinctive antibody patterns by isotype and highlight the benefits of booster doses in enhancing and sustaining antibody responses.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/68883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Microbes Infect. 2025 Feb;27(2):105423
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101046314
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
instname:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
instname_str Universitat Pompeu Fabra
reponame_str Repositorio Digital de la UPF
collection Repositorio Digital de la UPF
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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