Three-Dimensional Magnetoelectric Nanocomposite GelMA Hydrogels for Wireless Electrical Stimulation of Cardiac Cells.

Bioelectrical cues are essential for cardiac function and regeneration, yet current electrostimulation strategies rely on invasive electrodes that limit spatial control and clinical translation. Here, we report magnetoelectric nanocomposite hydrogels that combine core-shell CoFe(2)O(4)@BiFeO(3) magn...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Viteri A, Vargas-Estevez C, Colombi S, Resina L, Tan H, Sort J, Ginebra MP, Engel E, Alemán C, García-Torres J
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2026
Country:España
Institution:Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
Repository:r-FSJD. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica de la Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:r-fsjd______::cc31667a6fea45f6ac18fcb27d5ea917
Online Access:https://fsjd.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=30386
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:GelMA hydrogels
cardiac tissue engineering
core-shell nanoparticles
magnetoelectric nanocomposites
wireless electrostimulation
Description
Summary:Bioelectrical cues are essential for cardiac function and regeneration, yet current electrostimulation strategies rely on invasive electrodes that limit spatial control and clinical translation. Here, we report magnetoelectric nanocomposite hydrogels that combine core-shell CoFe(2)O(4)@BiFeO(3) magnetoelectric nanoparticles (ME NPs) with a photo-cross-linked methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) network, enabling wireless electroactivity through externally applied magnetic fields within a soft, biomimetic three-dimensional scaffold. Structural and physicochemical analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of crystalline core-shell ME NPs with strong interfacial coupling, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and magnetic hysteresis measurements showing exchange bias effects. Homogeneous incorporation of ME NPs within GelMA produced highly porous and interconnected hydrogels, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. The presence of nanoparticles reduced equilibrium swelling and refined pore architecture, suggesting increased effective cross-linking density and nanoparticle-polymer interactions. Mechanical testing showed soft elastomeric behavior with compressive moduli compatible with cardiac tissue. Under dynamic magnetic stimulation, magnetoelectric hydrogels significantly enhanced cardiac cell viability, proliferation, and morphological organization compared with pristine GelMA controls. After 10 days, the metabolic activity of cells cultured on GelMA-ME NP hydrogels under stimulation was approximately 3-fold higher than that of unstimulated GelMA. These results demonstrate that magnetoelectric hydrogels provide an effective platform for wireless electrostimulation, offering promising opportunities for cardiac tissue engineering and implantable bioelectronic therapies without wired electrodes.