QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the Local Group galaxy that is most similar to the Milky Way (MW). The similarities between the two galaxies make M31 useful for studying integrated properties common to spiral galaxies. We use the data from the recent QUIJOTE-MFI Wide Survey, together with new raster o...

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Autores: Fernández-Torreiro, M., Génova-Santos, R.T., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., López-Caraballo, C.H., Peel, M.W., Arce-Tord, C., Rebolo, R., Artal Latorre, Eduardo|||0000-0002-2569-1894, Ashdown, M., Barreiro Vilas, Rita Belén|||0000-0002-6139-4272, Casas Reinares, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-2217-5843, Hoz López-Collado, Elena de la, Guidi, F., Herranz Muñoz, Diego|||0000-0003-4540-1417, Hoyland, R., Lasenby, A., Martínez González, Enrique, Piccirillo, L., Vielva Martínez, Patricio|||0000-0003-0051-272X, Poidevin, F.
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/31855
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/31855
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Diffuse radiation
Galaxies: ISM
ISM: general
Local Group
Radiation mechanisms: general
Radio continuum: galaxies
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/31855
network_acronym_str ES
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
title QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
spellingShingle QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
Fernández-Torreiro, M.
Diffuse radiation
Galaxies: ISM
ISM: general
Local Group
Radiation mechanisms: general
Radio continuum: galaxies
title_short QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
title_full QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
title_fullStr QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
title_full_unstemmed QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
title_sort QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFI
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernández-Torreiro, M.
Génova-Santos, R.T.
Rubiño-Martín, J.A.
López-Caraballo, C.H.
Peel, M.W.
Arce-Tord, C.
Rebolo, R.
Artal Latorre, Eduardo|||0000-0002-2569-1894
Ashdown, M.
Barreiro Vilas, Rita Belén|||0000-0002-6139-4272
Casas Reinares, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-2217-5843
Hoz López-Collado, Elena de la
Guidi, F.
Herranz Muñoz, Diego|||0000-0003-4540-1417
Hoyland, R.
Lasenby, A.
Martínez González, Enrique
Piccirillo, L.
Vielva Martínez, Patricio|||0000-0003-0051-272X
Poidevin, F.
author Fernández-Torreiro, M.
author_facet Fernández-Torreiro, M.
Génova-Santos, R.T.
Rubiño-Martín, J.A.
López-Caraballo, C.H.
Peel, M.W.
Arce-Tord, C.
Rebolo, R.
Artal Latorre, Eduardo|||0000-0002-2569-1894
Ashdown, M.
Barreiro Vilas, Rita Belén|||0000-0002-6139-4272
Casas Reinares, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-2217-5843
Hoz López-Collado, Elena de la
Guidi, F.
Herranz Muñoz, Diego|||0000-0003-4540-1417
Hoyland, R.
Lasenby, A.
Martínez González, Enrique
Piccirillo, L.
Vielva Martínez, Patricio|||0000-0003-0051-272X
Poidevin, F.
author_role author
author2 Génova-Santos, R.T.
Rubiño-Martín, J.A.
López-Caraballo, C.H.
Peel, M.W.
Arce-Tord, C.
Rebolo, R.
Artal Latorre, Eduardo|||0000-0002-2569-1894
Ashdown, M.
Barreiro Vilas, Rita Belén|||0000-0002-6139-4272
Casas Reinares, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-2217-5843
Hoz López-Collado, Elena de la
Guidi, F.
Herranz Muñoz, Diego|||0000-0003-4540-1417
Hoyland, R.
Lasenby, A.
Martínez González, Enrique
Piccirillo, L.
Vielva Martínez, Patricio|||0000-0003-0051-272X
Poidevin, F.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Diffuse radiation
Galaxies: ISM
ISM: general
Local Group
Radiation mechanisms: general
Radio continuum: galaxies
topic Diffuse radiation
Galaxies: ISM
ISM: general
Local Group
Radiation mechanisms: general
Radio continuum: galaxies
description The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the Local Group galaxy that is most similar to the Milky Way (MW). The similarities between the two galaxies make M31 useful for studying integrated properties common to spiral galaxies. We use the data from the recent QUIJOTE-MFI Wide Survey, together with new raster observations focused on M31, to study its integrated emission. The addition of raster data improves the sensitivity of QUIJOTE-MFI maps by almost a factor 3. Our main interest is to confirm if anomalous microwave emission (AME) is present in M31, as previous studies have suggested. To do so, we built the integrated spectral energy distribution of M31 between 0.408 and 3000 GHz. We then performed a component separation analysis taking into account synchrotron, free–free, AME, and thermal dust components. AME in M31 is modelled as a log-normal distribution with maximum amplitude, AAME, equal to 1.03 ± 0.32 Jy. It peaks at νAME = 17.2 ± 3.2 GHz with a width of WAME = 0.58 ± 0.16. Both the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria find the model without AME to be less than 1 per cent as probable as the one taking AME into consideration. We find that the AME emissivity per 100 μm intensity in M31 is εAME28.4 GHz = 9.6 ± 3.1 μK MJy−1 sr, similar to that of the MW. We also provide the first upper limits for the AME polarization fraction in an extragalactic object. M31 remains the only galaxy where an AME measurement has been made of its integrated spectrum.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023-12-23
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10902/31855
url https://hdl.handle.net/10902/31855
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2024, 527(4), 11945-11961
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869415052107317248
spelling QUIJOTE Scientific Results - XVII. Studying the anomalous microwave emission in the Andromeda Galaxy with QUIJOTE-MFIFernández-Torreiro, M.Génova-Santos, R.T.Rubiño-Martín, J.A.López-Caraballo, C.H.Peel, M.W.Arce-Tord, C.Rebolo, R.Artal Latorre, Eduardo|||0000-0002-2569-1894Ashdown, M.Barreiro Vilas, Rita Belén|||0000-0002-6139-4272Casas Reinares, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-2217-5843Hoz López-Collado, Elena de laGuidi, F.Herranz Muñoz, Diego|||0000-0003-4540-1417Hoyland, R.Lasenby, A.Martínez González, EnriquePiccirillo, L.Vielva Martínez, Patricio|||0000-0003-0051-272XPoidevin, F.Diffuse radiationGalaxies: ISMISM: generalLocal GroupRadiation mechanisms: generalRadio continuum: galaxiesThe Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the Local Group galaxy that is most similar to the Milky Way (MW). The similarities between the two galaxies make M31 useful for studying integrated properties common to spiral galaxies. We use the data from the recent QUIJOTE-MFI Wide Survey, together with new raster observations focused on M31, to study its integrated emission. The addition of raster data improves the sensitivity of QUIJOTE-MFI maps by almost a factor 3. Our main interest is to confirm if anomalous microwave emission (AME) is present in M31, as previous studies have suggested. To do so, we built the integrated spectral energy distribution of M31 between 0.408 and 3000 GHz. We then performed a component separation analysis taking into account synchrotron, free–free, AME, and thermal dust components. AME in M31 is modelled as a log-normal distribution with maximum amplitude, AAME, equal to 1.03 ± 0.32 Jy. It peaks at νAME = 17.2 ± 3.2 GHz with a width of WAME = 0.58 ± 0.16. Both the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria find the model without AME to be less than 1 per cent as probable as the one taking AME into consideration. We find that the AME emissivity per 100 μm intensity in M31 is εAME28.4 GHz = 9.6 ± 3.1 μK MJy−1 sr, similar to that of the MW. We also provide the first upper limits for the AME polarization fraction in an extragalactic object. M31 remains the only galaxy where an AME measurement has been made of its integrated spectrum.We thank the anonymous referee whose comments helped to improve this work. We thank the staff of the Teide Observatory for invaluable assistance in the commissioning and operation of QUIJOTE. The QUIJOTE experiment is being developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), the Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), and the Universities of Cantabria, Manchester and Cambridge. Partial financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the projects AYA2007-68058-C03-01, AYA2007-68058-C03-02, AYA2010-21766-C03-01, AYA2010-21766-C03-02, AYA2014-60438-P, ESP2015-70646-C2-1-R, AYA2017-84185-P,ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R, PID2019-110610RB-C21, PID2020-120514GB-I00, IACA13-3E-2336, IACA15-BE-3707, EQC2018-004918-P, the Severo Ochoa Programs SEV-2015-0548 and CEX2019-000920-S, the Maria de Maeztu Program MDM-2017-0765, and by the Consolider-Ingenio project CSD2010-00064 (EPI: Exploring the Physics of Inflation). We acknowledge support from the ACIISI, Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento y Empleo del Gobierno de Canarias, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under grant with reference ProID2020010108. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 687312 (RADIOFOREGROUNDS). MFT acknowledges support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) and the European Social Fund (ESF) under grant with reference PRE-C-2018-0067. CA-T acknowledges support from the Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS). FP acknowledges support from the Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI) under the European FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) de Canarias 2014–2020 grant No. PROID2021010078. We thank the anonymous referee whose comments helped to improve this work. We thank the staff of the Teide Observatory for invaluable assistance in the commissioning and operation of QUIJOTE. The QUIJOTE experiment is being developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), the Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), and the Universities of Cantabria, Manchester and Cambridge. Partial financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the projects AYA2007-68058-C03-01, AYA2007-68058-C03-02, AYA2010-21766-C03-01, AYA2010-21766-C03-02, AYA2014-60438-P, ESP2015-70646-C2-1-R, AYA2017-84185-P, ESP2017-83921-C2-1-R, PID2019-110610RB-C21, PID2020-120514GB-I00, IACA13-3E-2336, IACA15-BE-3707, EQC2018-004918-P, the Severo Ochoa Programs SEV-2015-0548 and CEX2019-000920-S, the Maria de Maeztu Program MDM-2017-0765, and by the Consolider-Ingenio project CSD2010-00064 (EPI: Exploring the Physics of Inflation). We acknowledge support from the ACIISI, Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento y Empleo del Gobierno de Canarias, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under grant with reference ProID2020010108. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 687312 (RADIOFOREGROUNDS). MFT acknowledges support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) and the European Social Fund (ESF) under grant with reference PRE-C-2018-0067. CA-T acknowledges support from the Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS). FP acknowledges support from the Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI) under the European FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) de Canarias 2014–2020 grant No. PROID2021010078. We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA), part of the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Center (HEASARC). HEASARC/LAMBDA is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We acknowledge the use of data provided by the Centre d’Analyse de Données Etendues (CADE), a service of IRAP-UPS/CNRS (http://cade.irap.omp.eu, Paradis et al. 2012). This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France (Wenger et al. 2000). Based on observations obtained with Planck (http://www.esa.int/Planck), an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States, NASA, and Canada. Some of the presented results are based on observations obtained with the QUIJOTE experiment (http://rese arch.iac.es/proyecto/quijote). Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the healpy and HEALPix packages (Górski et al. 2005; Zonca et al. 2019). We have also used SCIPY (Virtanen et al. 2020), EMCEE (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), NUMPY (Harris et al. 2020), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), CORNER (Foreman-Mackey 2016) and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018) PYTHON packages.Oxford University PressUniversidad de Cantabria20232023-12-23journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/31855Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2024, 527(4), 11945-11961reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/318552026-06-02T12:39:31Z
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