Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data

[EN] Numerous models exist for estimating the specific energy yield of wind turbines, typically relying on meteorological wind speed data and turbine characteristics. However, the applicability and accuracy of these models must be validated against real-world data, particularly concerning the condit...

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Autores: Olczak, Piotr, Kulpa, Jaroslaw, Dyczko, Artur, Matuszewska, Dominika, Montuori, Lina|||0000-0001-7574-7916
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
Repositorio:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/231658
Acceso en línea:https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/231658
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Renewable energy sources
Wind energy
Wind turbine
ERA5
MERRA
Poland
Validation
07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos
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spelling Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement DataOlczak, PiotrKulpa, JaroslawDyczko, ArturMatuszewska, DominikaMontuori, Lina|||0000-0001-7574-7916Renewable energy sourcesWind energyWind turbineERA5MERRAPolandValidation07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos[EN] Numerous models exist for estimating the specific energy yield of wind turbines, typically relying on meteorological wind speed data and turbine characteristics. However, the applicability and accuracy of these models must be validated against real-world data, particularly concerning the conditions specific to Poland. The primary objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of existing wind energy yield models for onshore wind turbine installations in Polish conditions. The study was conducted in two parts. First, the compliance of wind speed data derived from two global reanalysis databases (ERA5 and MERRA) was analyzed against actual hourly measurements. These measurements were collected from nacelle-mounted sensors at the hub height of six operational turbines (two 3 MW and four 0.8 MW units) at a wind farm site over the course of 2019. Second, a computational model for the specific energy yield was verified using the same on-site measurements, incorporating data on turbine configuration, location, and the ERA5/MERRA inputs. A significant discrepancy was observed: wind speeds measured directly on the higher-capacity turbines (3 MW) were consistently higher than those reported in the ERA5 and MERRA databases. This difference is attributed to the fact that the coarse grid resolution of global databases does not capture the precise, optimized placement of turbines at sites specifically selected for high wind potential, often considering local topography. Despite this initial wind speed variance, the subsequent verification of the energy yield model showed satisfactory agreement with real production data. The relative mean bias error (rMBE) was found to be below 8% for the ERA5 input paired with the 3 MW turbine data and below 12% for the MERRA input paired with the 0.8 MW turbine data. The findings confirm that while global reanalysis databases may underestimate local wind speeds due to generalized grid resolution, the tested energy yield model provides satisfactory results for wind turbine planning in Poland.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.MDPI AGDepartamento de Termodinámica AplicadaInstituto Universitario de Investigación de Ingeniería EnergéticaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería IndustrialUniversitat Politècnica de ValènciaRepositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet20252025-12-10journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/231658reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valénciainstname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Reconocimiento (by)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:riunet.upv.es:10251/2316582026-06-13T07:49:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
title Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
spellingShingle Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
Olczak, Piotr
Renewable energy sources
Wind energy
Wind turbine
ERA5
MERRA
Poland
Validation
07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos
title_short Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
title_full Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
title_fullStr Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
title_full_unstemmed Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
title_sort Verification of Wind Turbine Energy Productivity Models Under Polish Conditions: A Comparative Analysis of ERA5, MERRA, and Local Measurement Data
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Olczak, Piotr
Kulpa, Jaroslaw
Dyczko, Artur
Matuszewska, Dominika
Montuori, Lina|||0000-0001-7574-7916
author Olczak, Piotr
author_facet Olczak, Piotr
Kulpa, Jaroslaw
Dyczko, Artur
Matuszewska, Dominika
Montuori, Lina|||0000-0001-7574-7916
author_role author
author2 Kulpa, Jaroslaw
Dyczko, Artur
Matuszewska, Dominika
Montuori, Lina|||0000-0001-7574-7916
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada
Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Ingeniería Energética
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial
Universitat Politècnica de València
Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politècnica de València Riunet
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Renewable energy sources
Wind energy
Wind turbine
ERA5
MERRA
Poland
Validation
07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos
topic Renewable energy sources
Wind energy
Wind turbine
ERA5
MERRA
Poland
Validation
07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos
description [EN] Numerous models exist for estimating the specific energy yield of wind turbines, typically relying on meteorological wind speed data and turbine characteristics. However, the applicability and accuracy of these models must be validated against real-world data, particularly concerning the conditions specific to Poland. The primary objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of existing wind energy yield models for onshore wind turbine installations in Polish conditions. The study was conducted in two parts. First, the compliance of wind speed data derived from two global reanalysis databases (ERA5 and MERRA) was analyzed against actual hourly measurements. These measurements were collected from nacelle-mounted sensors at the hub height of six operational turbines (two 3 MW and four 0.8 MW units) at a wind farm site over the course of 2019. Second, a computational model for the specific energy yield was verified using the same on-site measurements, incorporating data on turbine configuration, location, and the ERA5/MERRA inputs. A significant discrepancy was observed: wind speeds measured directly on the higher-capacity turbines (3 MW) were consistently higher than those reported in the ERA5 and MERRA databases. This difference is attributed to the fact that the coarse grid resolution of global databases does not capture the precise, optimized placement of turbines at sites specifically selected for high wind potential, often considering local topography. Despite this initial wind speed variance, the subsequent verification of the energy yield model showed satisfactory agreement with real production data. The relative mean bias error (rMBE) was found to be below 8% for the ERA5 input paired with the 3 MW turbine data and below 12% for the MERRA input paired with the 0.8 MW turbine data. The findings confirm that while global reanalysis databases may underestimate local wind speeds due to generalized grid resolution, the tested energy yield model provides satisfactory results for wind turbine planning in Poland.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-12-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/231658
url https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/231658
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento (by)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Reconocimiento (by)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
instname:Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)
reponame_str RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
collection RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,81155

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