Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation

Morocco is a water-scarce developing country with a growing marketable agro-food industry, where untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater represents less than 1% of the irrigation water and treated wastewater reuse is virtually nil. The Government of Morocco is planning to increase the volume...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Ortega-Pozo, Jose Luis, Alcalá, Francisco J., Poyatos, José Manuel, Martín-Pascual, Jaime
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/286122
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/286122
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Wastewater reuse
Irrigation agriculture
International quality standards
Regulation improvement
Tertiary treatment
Natural resources degradation
Morocco
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spelling Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible ImplementationOrtega-Pozo, Jose LuisAlcalá, Francisco J.Poyatos, José ManuelMartín-Pascual, JaimeWastewater reuseIrrigation agricultureInternational quality standardsRegulation improvementTertiary treatmentNatural resources degradationMoroccoMorocco is a water-scarce developing country with a growing marketable agro-food industry, where untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater represents less than 1% of the irrigation water and treated wastewater reuse is virtually nil. The Government of Morocco is planning to increase the volume of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation agriculture under the current permissive regulation to alleviate the pressure on conventional water sources. However, the reuse of insufficiently treated wastewater implies environmental and human health risks besides the degradation of land and renewable natural resources. This paper shows the feasibility of increasing wastewater reuse for irrigation agriculture in Morocco and how the existing permissive regulation must be improved to force more efficient technologies aimed at ensuring the export of agricultural goods to the most restrictive international markets. The results show how the quality standards of Moroccan regulation are below that of their equivalents in developed countries, as well as in most of the consulted developing countries. After verifying that tertiary treatment is financially feasible, the updated regulation must also consider climatic water scarcity and the locally low cultural perception of environmental and human health risks in order to design optimal solutions.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2023202320222023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/286122reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/10.3390/land11122312Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2861222026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
title Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
spellingShingle Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
Ortega-Pozo, Jose Luis
Wastewater reuse
Irrigation agriculture
International quality standards
Regulation improvement
Tertiary treatment
Natural resources degradation
Morocco
title_short Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
title_full Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
title_fullStr Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
title_full_unstemmed Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
title_sort Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ortega-Pozo, Jose Luis
Alcalá, Francisco J.
Poyatos, José Manuel
Martín-Pascual, Jaime
author Ortega-Pozo, Jose Luis
author_facet Ortega-Pozo, Jose Luis
Alcalá, Francisco J.
Poyatos, José Manuel
Martín-Pascual, Jaime
author_role author
author2 Alcalá, Francisco J.
Poyatos, José Manuel
Martín-Pascual, Jaime
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Wastewater reuse
Irrigation agriculture
International quality standards
Regulation improvement
Tertiary treatment
Natural resources degradation
Morocco
topic Wastewater reuse
Irrigation agriculture
International quality standards
Regulation improvement
Tertiary treatment
Natural resources degradation
Morocco
description Morocco is a water-scarce developing country with a growing marketable agro-food industry, where untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater represents less than 1% of the irrigation water and treated wastewater reuse is virtually nil. The Government of Morocco is planning to increase the volume of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation agriculture under the current permissive regulation to alleviate the pressure on conventional water sources. However, the reuse of insufficiently treated wastewater implies environmental and human health risks besides the degradation of land and renewable natural resources. This paper shows the feasibility of increasing wastewater reuse for irrigation agriculture in Morocco and how the existing permissive regulation must be improved to force more efficient technologies aimed at ensuring the export of agricultural goods to the most restrictive international markets. The results show how the quality standards of Moroccan regulation are below that of their equivalents in developed countries, as well as in most of the consulted developing countries. After verifying that tertiary treatment is financially feasible, the updated regulation must also consider climatic water scarcity and the locally low cultural perception of environmental and human health risks in order to design optimal solutions.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2023
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/286122
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/286122
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.3390/land11122312
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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