Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments

In recent years, personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) has substantially increased, and most studies about RF-EMF with volunteers have been developed in Europe. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in Mexico with personal exposimeters. The m...

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Autores: Ramírez Vázquez, Raquel, González Rubio, Jesús, Escobar García, Isabel María, Suárez Rodríguez, Carmen del Pilar, Arribas Garde, Enrique
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/27686
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10578/27686
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Microenvironments
Personal exposure
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Wi-fi band
Risk perception
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spelling Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican MicroenvironmentsRamírez Vázquez, RaquelGonzález Rubio, JesúsEscobar García, Isabel MaríaSuárez Rodríguez, Carmen del PilarArribas Garde, EnriqueMicroenvironmentsPersonal exposureRadiofrequency electromagnetic fieldsWi-fi bandRisk perceptionIn recent years, personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) has substantially increased, and most studies about RF-EMF with volunteers have been developed in Europe. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in Mexico with personal exposimeters. The main objective was to measure personal exposure to RF-EMF from Wireless Fidelity or wireless Internet connection (Wi-Fi) frequency bands in Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, to compare results with maximum levels permitted by international recommendations and to find if there are differences in the microenvironments subject to measurements. The study was conducted with 63 volunteers in different microenvironments: home, workplace, outside, schools, travel, and shopping. The mean minimum values registered were 146.5 W/m2 in travel from theWi-Fi 2G band and 116.8 W/m2 at home from the Wi-Fi 5G band, and the maximum values registered were 499.7 W/m2 and 264.9 W/m2 at the workplace for the Wi-Fi 2G band and the Wi-Fi 5G band, respectively. In addition, by time period and type of day, minimum values were registered at nighttime, these values being 129.4 W/m2 and 93.9 W/m2, and maximum values were registered in the daytime, these values being 303.1 W/m2 and 168.3 W/m2 for theWi-Fi 2G andWi-Fi 5G bands, respectively. In no case, values exceeded limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Of the study participants (n = 63), a subgroup (n = 35) answered a survey on risk perception. According to these results, the Tamazunchale (Mexico) population is worried about this situation in comparison with several European cities; however, the risk perception changes when they are informed about the results for the study.MDPI202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10578/27686reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLMinstname:Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaInglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/276862026-05-27T07:36:41Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
title Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
spellingShingle Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
Ramírez Vázquez, Raquel
Microenvironments
Personal exposure
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Wi-fi band
Risk perception
title_short Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
title_full Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
title_fullStr Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
title_full_unstemmed Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
title_sort Personal Exposure Assessment toWi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ramírez Vázquez, Raquel
González Rubio, Jesús
Escobar García, Isabel María
Suárez Rodríguez, Carmen del Pilar
Arribas Garde, Enrique
author Ramírez Vázquez, Raquel
author_facet Ramírez Vázquez, Raquel
González Rubio, Jesús
Escobar García, Isabel María
Suárez Rodríguez, Carmen del Pilar
Arribas Garde, Enrique
author_role author
author2 González Rubio, Jesús
Escobar García, Isabel María
Suárez Rodríguez, Carmen del Pilar
Arribas Garde, Enrique
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Microenvironments
Personal exposure
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Wi-fi band
Risk perception
topic Microenvironments
Personal exposure
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Wi-fi band
Risk perception
description In recent years, personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) has substantially increased, and most studies about RF-EMF with volunteers have been developed in Europe. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in Mexico with personal exposimeters. The main objective was to measure personal exposure to RF-EMF from Wireless Fidelity or wireless Internet connection (Wi-Fi) frequency bands in Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, to compare results with maximum levels permitted by international recommendations and to find if there are differences in the microenvironments subject to measurements. The study was conducted with 63 volunteers in different microenvironments: home, workplace, outside, schools, travel, and shopping. The mean minimum values registered were 146.5 W/m2 in travel from theWi-Fi 2G band and 116.8 W/m2 at home from the Wi-Fi 5G band, and the maximum values registered were 499.7 W/m2 and 264.9 W/m2 at the workplace for the Wi-Fi 2G band and the Wi-Fi 5G band, respectively. In addition, by time period and type of day, minimum values were registered at nighttime, these values being 129.4 W/m2 and 93.9 W/m2, and maximum values were registered in the daytime, these values being 303.1 W/m2 and 168.3 W/m2 for theWi-Fi 2G andWi-Fi 5G bands, respectively. In no case, values exceeded limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Of the study participants (n = 63), a subgroup (n = 35) answered a survey on risk perception. According to these results, the Tamazunchale (Mexico) population is worried about this situation in comparison with several European cities; however, the risk perception changes when they are informed about the results for the study.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10578/27686
url https://hdl.handle.net/10578/27686
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
instname:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
instname_str Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
reponame_str RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
collection RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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