Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping

Backpacks for transporting school loads are heavily utilized by children, and their mechanical advantages have been allowing children to transport heavy loads. These heavy loads may increase ground reaction forces (GRFs), which can have a negative effect on joints and bone health. The aim of this st...

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Autores: Barbosa, João, Marqués, Mário C., Neiva, Henrique P., Esteves, Dulce, Alonso Martínez, Alicia, Izquierdo Redín, Mikel, Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo, Álvarez, Cristian, Marinho, Daniel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Universidad San Jorge (USJ)
Repositorio:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
OAI Identifier:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/36869
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2454/36869
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Backpack
Children
Load-carriage
Gait
Ground reaction forces
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spelling Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumpingBarbosa, JoãoMarqués, Mário C.Neiva, Henrique P.Esteves, DulceAlonso Martínez, AliciaIzquierdo Redín, MikelRamírez Campillo, RodrigoÁlvarez, CristianMarinho, DanielBackpackChildrenLoad-carriageGaitGround reaction forcesBackpacks for transporting school loads are heavily utilized by children, and their mechanical advantages have been allowing children to transport heavy loads. These heavy loads may increase ground reaction forces (GRFs), which can have a negative effect on joints and bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backpacks on the GRFs generated by children during walking, running, and jumping. Twenty-one children from the fifth (G-5, n = 9) and ninth (G-9, n = 12) grades walked, ran, and jumped over a force plate. When walking, the G-5 had GRF increments in the first (17.3%; p < 0.001) and second (15.4%; p < 0.001) peak magnitude, and in the total integral of the vertical force (20%; p < 0.001), compared to the control condition (i.e., no backpack), and the G-9 had increments of 10.4%, 9%, and 9% (p < 0.001), respectively. The G-9 did not prolong their total stance time (p > 0.05), unlike the G-5 (p = 0.001). When running, total stance time increased 15% (p < 0.001) and 8.5% (p < 0.001) proportionally to the relative load carried, in the G-5 and G-9, respectively. Peak GRF did not increase in any group when running or landing from a jump over an obstacle. It was found that GRF was affected by the backpack load when walking and running. However, when landing from a jump with the backpack, schoolchildren smoothed the landing by prolonging the reception time and thus avoiding GRF peak magnitudes.This work is supported by national funding through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the project UID/DTP/04045/2019 and the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER) allocated by European Union through the COMPETE 2020 Programme (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006969)—competitiveness and internationalization (POCI).MDPICiencias de la SaludOsasun Zientziak2019info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2454/36869reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarrainstname:Universidad San Jorge (USJ)Inglés© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/368692026-06-17T12:41:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
title Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
spellingShingle Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
Barbosa, João
Backpack
Children
Load-carriage
Gait
Ground reaction forces
title_short Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
title_full Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
title_fullStr Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
title_full_unstemmed Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
title_sort Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Barbosa, João
Marqués, Mário C.
Neiva, Henrique P.
Esteves, Dulce
Alonso Martínez, Alicia
Izquierdo Redín, Mikel
Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo
Álvarez, Cristian
Marinho, Daniel
author Barbosa, João
author_facet Barbosa, João
Marqués, Mário C.
Neiva, Henrique P.
Esteves, Dulce
Alonso Martínez, Alicia
Izquierdo Redín, Mikel
Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo
Álvarez, Cristian
Marinho, Daniel
author_role author
author2 Marqués, Mário C.
Neiva, Henrique P.
Esteves, Dulce
Alonso Martínez, Alicia
Izquierdo Redín, Mikel
Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo
Álvarez, Cristian
Marinho, Daniel
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias de la Salud
Osasun Zientziak
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Backpack
Children
Load-carriage
Gait
Ground reaction forces
topic Backpack
Children
Load-carriage
Gait
Ground reaction forces
description Backpacks for transporting school loads are heavily utilized by children, and their mechanical advantages have been allowing children to transport heavy loads. These heavy loads may increase ground reaction forces (GRFs), which can have a negative effect on joints and bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backpacks on the GRFs generated by children during walking, running, and jumping. Twenty-one children from the fifth (G-5, n = 9) and ninth (G-9, n = 12) grades walked, ran, and jumped over a force plate. When walking, the G-5 had GRF increments in the first (17.3%; p < 0.001) and second (15.4%; p < 0.001) peak magnitude, and in the total integral of the vertical force (20%; p < 0.001), compared to the control condition (i.e., no backpack), and the G-9 had increments of 10.4%, 9%, and 9% (p < 0.001), respectively. The G-9 did not prolong their total stance time (p > 0.05), unlike the G-5 (p = 0.001). When running, total stance time increased 15% (p < 0.001) and 8.5% (p < 0.001) proportionally to the relative load carried, in the G-5 and G-9, respectively. Peak GRF did not increase in any group when running or landing from a jump over an obstacle. It was found that GRF was affected by the backpack load when walking and running. However, when landing from a jump with the backpack, schoolchildren smoothed the landing by prolonging the reception time and thus avoiding GRF peak magnitudes.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2454/36869
url https://hdl.handle.net/2454/36869
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
instname:Universidad San Jorge (USJ)
instname_str Universidad San Jorge (USJ)
reponame_str Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
collection Academica-e. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pública de Navarra
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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