Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr

We report new infrared (IR) measurements of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, Sgr A∗, over a decade that was previously inaccessible at these wavelengths. This enables a variability study that addresses variability timescales that are 10 times longer than earlier published studies....

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Chen, Z., Gallego Cano, Eulalia, Do, T., Witzel, G., Ghez, A.M., Schödel, Rainer, Sitarski, B.N., Becklin, E.E., Lu, J., Morris, M.R., Dehghanfar, A., Gautam, A.K., Hees, A., Hosek, M.W., Jia, S., Mangian, A.C., Matthews, K.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/201888
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/201888
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Accretion, accretion disks
Black hole physics
Galaxy: center
Techniques: high angular resolution
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spelling Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yrChen, Z.Gallego Cano, EulaliaDo, T.Witzel, G.Ghez, A.M.Schödel, RainerSitarski, B.N.Becklin, E.E.Lu, J.Morris, M.R.Dehghanfar, A.Gautam, A.K.Hees, A.Hosek, M.W.Jia, S.Mangian, A.C.Matthews, K.Accretion, accretion disksBlack hole physicsGalaxy: centerTechniques: high angular resolutionWe report new infrared (IR) measurements of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, Sgr A∗, over a decade that was previously inaccessible at these wavelengths. This enables a variability study that addresses variability timescales that are 10 times longer than earlier published studies. Sgr A∗ was initially detected in the near-infrared (NIR) with adaptive optics observations in 2002. While earlier data exists in form of speckle imaging (1995-2005), Sgr A∗ was not detected in the initial analysis. Here, we improved our speckle holography analysis techniques. This has improved the sensitivity of the resulting speckle images by up to a factor of three. Sgr A∗ is now detectable in the majority of epochs covering 7 yr. The brightness of Sgr A∗ in the speckle data has an average observed K magnitude of 16.0, which corresponds to a dereddened flux density of 3.4 mJy. Furthermore, the flat power spectral density of Sgr A∗ between ∼80 days and 7 yr shows its uncorrelation in time beyond the proposed single power-law break of ∼245 minutes. We report that the brightness and its variability is consistent over 22 yr. This analysis is based on simulations using the Witzel et al. model to characterize IR variability from 2006 to 2016. Finally, we note that the 2001 periapse of the extended, dusty object G1 had no apparent effect on the NIR emission from accretion flow onto Sgr A∗. The result is consistent with G1 being a self-gravitating object rather than a disrupting gas cloud.© 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2020202020192020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/201888reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttp://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3c68Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2018882026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
title Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
spellingShingle Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
Chen, Z.
Accretion, accretion disks
Black hole physics
Galaxy: center
Techniques: high angular resolution
title_short Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
title_full Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
title_fullStr Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
title_full_unstemmed Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
title_sort Consistency of the Infrared Variability of SGR A∗ over 22 yr
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Chen, Z.
Gallego Cano, Eulalia
Do, T.
Witzel, G.
Ghez, A.M.
Schödel, Rainer
Sitarski, B.N.
Becklin, E.E.
Lu, J.
Morris, M.R.
Dehghanfar, A.
Gautam, A.K.
Hees, A.
Hosek, M.W.
Jia, S.
Mangian, A.C.
Matthews, K.
author Chen, Z.
author_facet Chen, Z.
Gallego Cano, Eulalia
Do, T.
Witzel, G.
Ghez, A.M.
Schödel, Rainer
Sitarski, B.N.
Becklin, E.E.
Lu, J.
Morris, M.R.
Dehghanfar, A.
Gautam, A.K.
Hees, A.
Hosek, M.W.
Jia, S.
Mangian, A.C.
Matthews, K.
author_role author
author2 Gallego Cano, Eulalia
Do, T.
Witzel, G.
Ghez, A.M.
Schödel, Rainer
Sitarski, B.N.
Becklin, E.E.
Lu, J.
Morris, M.R.
Dehghanfar, A.
Gautam, A.K.
Hees, A.
Hosek, M.W.
Jia, S.
Mangian, A.C.
Matthews, K.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Accretion, accretion disks
Black hole physics
Galaxy: center
Techniques: high angular resolution
topic Accretion, accretion disks
Black hole physics
Galaxy: center
Techniques: high angular resolution
description We report new infrared (IR) measurements of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, Sgr A∗, over a decade that was previously inaccessible at these wavelengths. This enables a variability study that addresses variability timescales that are 10 times longer than earlier published studies. Sgr A∗ was initially detected in the near-infrared (NIR) with adaptive optics observations in 2002. While earlier data exists in form of speckle imaging (1995-2005), Sgr A∗ was not detected in the initial analysis. Here, we improved our speckle holography analysis techniques. This has improved the sensitivity of the resulting speckle images by up to a factor of three. Sgr A∗ is now detectable in the majority of epochs covering 7 yr. The brightness of Sgr A∗ in the speckle data has an average observed K magnitude of 16.0, which corresponds to a dereddened flux density of 3.4 mJy. Furthermore, the flat power spectral density of Sgr A∗ between ∼80 days and 7 yr shows its uncorrelation in time beyond the proposed single power-law break of ∼245 minutes. We report that the brightness and its variability is consistent over 22 yr. This analysis is based on simulations using the Witzel et al. model to characterize IR variability from 2006 to 2016. Finally, we note that the 2001 periapse of the extended, dusty object G1 had no apparent effect on the NIR emission from accretion flow onto Sgr A∗. The result is consistent with G1 being a self-gravitating object rather than a disrupting gas cloud.© 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2020
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/201888
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/201888
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3c68
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,81155

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