Multi-scale hydro-mechanical and gas transport characterisation of granular bentonite
(English) Bentonite-based materials with low permeability, great water retention and self-sealing properties have been extensively used for engineered barriers in waste disposal facilities. Several typologies of bentonites exist. On the one hand, during installation, powder bentonites can release an...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | CBUC, CESCA |
| Repositorio: | TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/693953 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/693953 |
| Access Level: | acceso embargado |
| Palabra clave: | Granular bentonite Particle size distribution Microstructure Hydro-mechanical behaviour Gas transport Self-sealing capacity Suction measurement Water retention model Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil 624 |
| Sumario: | (English) Bentonite-based materials with low permeability, great water retention and self-sealing properties have been extensively used for engineered barriers in waste disposal facilities. Several typologies of bentonites exist. On the one hand, during installation, powder bentonites can release and disperse fine particles, while pouring bentonites in the form of pellet/powder mixtures can lead to particle segregation. On the other hand, sand/bentonite mixtures have a lower swelling potential compared to pure bentonites. Highly compacted bentonite blocks are more laborious to install and their use could hinder the release of gases formed in long-term operational facilities. These technological challenges could be addressed by using granular bentonite (GB), which has millimetre-sized granules and micrometre-sized grains, along with an extended particle size distribution (PaSD) (Fuller) that improves workability and pourability. Additionally, GB contains numerous macropores that allow gas release at low pressures. Consequently, GB is emerging as a reference material for engineering barriers. However, the geotechnical properties of GB remain poorly understood, particularly in terms of sample preparation, particle size and microstructural evolution and its correlations to hydro-mechanical (HM) and gas transport behaviour and self-sealing capacity. The Thesis provides robust, systematic, multi-scale experimental and theoretical frameworks for studying these aspects. The outcomes offer new particle-scale insights into the preparation technique of GB samples and how it affects the HM behaviour (e.g. compressibility on loading, volumetric expansion/collapse and swelling pressure on wetting under different stress and displacement boundary conditions) and its microstructure. A straightforward methodology combining Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) has been proposed to improve the characterisation of compacted GB’s granular-type microstructure. Based on this methodology, compacted GB’s HM behaviour (e.g. swelling pressure, water permeability) can be further analysed from the pore-scale perspective, which displays a wide range of sizes. This microstructural information has also served as the basis for developing a multi-scale and multi-physics constitutive model of water retention behaviour. Moreover, the granular-type fabric with numerous and large interconnected macropores has been found to limit entrapped gas accumulation under partially saturated states while its gas transport properties also depend on how the initial microstructure evolves in response to gas pressurisation. The gas migration pathways at different HM states have been tracked by imaging techniques, which have subsequently used to define a model that incorporates this unique microstructure and its evolution to predict gas permeability. Furthermore, the granular-type microstructure with many high-density granules influences the sealing of technological gaps during loading and saturation. After gap-sealing, the HM behaviour of compacted GB is governed by the microstructure of the matrix set on compaction (the artificial gap insertion affected the compaction). The geometry of residual gaps after loading and saturation paths determines whether they could serve as preferential pathways for water and gas flow. In conclusion, this Thesis contributes meaningful information for evaluating the short- and long-term behaviour of GB as a geomaterial for engineered barriers. |
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