Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study

Background Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a dysbiotic oral microbiome, particularly involving Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) as a key periodontal pathogen. This disorder has also systemic implications, including links to neurodegenerative diseases such a...

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Autores: Antequera, D, Buetas, E, Garcia-Esteban, S, Romualdi, D, Carrero, L, Municio, C, Mira, A, Carro, E
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:r-FISABIO. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica
OAI Identifier:oai:fisabio.fundanetsuite.com:p19534
Acesso em linha:https://fisabio.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones/19534
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:lactoferrin
cortisol
DHEA
porphyromonas gingivalis
periodontal disease
saliva
immune response
oral dysbiosis
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spelling Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot studyAntequera, DBuetas, EGarcia-Esteban, SRomualdi, DCarrero, LMunicio, CMira, ACarro, ElactoferrincortisolDHEAporphyromonas gingivalisperiodontal diseasesalivaimmune responseoral dysbiosisBackground Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a dysbiotic oral microbiome, particularly involving Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) as a key periodontal pathogen. This disorder has also systemic implications, including links to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein involved in innate immunity, is found in elevated levels in inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis, and reduced in AD, likely due to hypothalamic-salivary gland axis dysfunction. Additionally, stress-related dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may contribute to periodontal disease by altering immune responses, notably via elevated salivary cortisol and DHEA levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between salivary immune and stress biomarkers (lactoferrin, cortisol, DHEA) and the abundance of P. gingivalis with clinical periodontal parameters.Methods A cohort of patients with and without a history of periodontitis was analyzed. Salivary and subgingival biofilm samples were collected to detect P. gingivalis levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and to quantify salivary biomarker concentrations by ELISA. Common clinical periodontal parameters, including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were recorded.Results Patients with a history of periodontitis showed significantly higher salivary lactoferrin, cortisol and DHEA levels compared to controls, along with increased P. gingivalis abundance. Strong correlations were observed between P. gingivalis levels and the salivary markers: lactoferrin, cortisol and DHEA. Moreover, lactoferrin, DHEA and cortisol also positively correlated with disease severity, based on the clinical periodontal parameters BoP PPD, CAL, and PI. Similarly, salivary and subgingival P. gingivalis positively correlated with BoP, but, specifically, subgingival P. gingivalis also correlated with PPD, CAL, and PI.Discussion Our findings suggest that elevated lactoferrin, DHEA and cortisol levels reflect both immune-inflammatory and stress-mediated pathways in periodontitis, and its association with the abundance of P. gingivalis in saliva and subgingival area. This study supports immune and hormonal dysregulation in periodontal patients, with potential implications in systemic diseases, including such as AD, where lactoferrin levels are seriously altered.FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://fisabio.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones/19534Frontiers in ImmunologyISSN: 16643224reponame:r-FISABIO. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científicainstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:fisabio.fundanetsuite.com:p195342026-06-11T12:45:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
title Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
spellingShingle Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
Antequera, D
lactoferrin
cortisol
DHEA
porphyromonas gingivalis
periodontal disease
saliva
immune response
oral dysbiosis
title_short Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
title_full Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
title_fullStr Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
title_sort Association of salivary lactoferrin, Porphyromoras gingivalis and stress hormone levels in patients with periodontitis: a pilot study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Antequera, D
Buetas, E
Garcia-Esteban, S
Romualdi, D
Carrero, L
Municio, C
Mira, A
Carro, E
author Antequera, D
author_facet Antequera, D
Buetas, E
Garcia-Esteban, S
Romualdi, D
Carrero, L
Municio, C
Mira, A
Carro, E
author_role author
author2 Buetas, E
Garcia-Esteban, S
Romualdi, D
Carrero, L
Municio, C
Mira, A
Carro, E
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv lactoferrin
cortisol
DHEA
porphyromonas gingivalis
periodontal disease
saliva
immune response
oral dysbiosis
topic lactoferrin
cortisol
DHEA
porphyromonas gingivalis
periodontal disease
saliva
immune response
oral dysbiosis
description Background Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a dysbiotic oral microbiome, particularly involving Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) as a key periodontal pathogen. This disorder has also systemic implications, including links to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein involved in innate immunity, is found in elevated levels in inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis, and reduced in AD, likely due to hypothalamic-salivary gland axis dysfunction. Additionally, stress-related dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may contribute to periodontal disease by altering immune responses, notably via elevated salivary cortisol and DHEA levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between salivary immune and stress biomarkers (lactoferrin, cortisol, DHEA) and the abundance of P. gingivalis with clinical periodontal parameters.Methods A cohort of patients with and without a history of periodontitis was analyzed. Salivary and subgingival biofilm samples were collected to detect P. gingivalis levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and to quantify salivary biomarker concentrations by ELISA. Common clinical periodontal parameters, including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were recorded.Results Patients with a history of periodontitis showed significantly higher salivary lactoferrin, cortisol and DHEA levels compared to controls, along with increased P. gingivalis abundance. Strong correlations were observed between P. gingivalis levels and the salivary markers: lactoferrin, cortisol and DHEA. Moreover, lactoferrin, DHEA and cortisol also positively correlated with disease severity, based on the clinical periodontal parameters BoP PPD, CAL, and PI. Similarly, salivary and subgingival P. gingivalis positively correlated with BoP, but, specifically, subgingival P. gingivalis also correlated with PPD, CAL, and PI.Discussion Our findings suggest that elevated lactoferrin, DHEA and cortisol levels reflect both immune-inflammatory and stress-mediated pathways in periodontitis, and its association with the abundance of P. gingivalis in saliva and subgingival area. This study supports immune and hormonal dysregulation in periodontal patients, with potential implications in systemic diseases, including such as AD, where lactoferrin levels are seriously altered.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://fisabio.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones/19534
url https://fisabio.portalinvestigacion.com/publicaciones/19534
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
publisher.none.fl_str_mv FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN: 16643224
reponame:r-FISABIO. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str r-FISABIO. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica
collection r-FISABIO. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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