Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence

Tree plantations are considered as a solution to reduce the impacts of climate change and can enhance biodiversity. Consequently, many tree planting schemes around the world have been started to achieve these dual objectives. However, many of these tree plantations are being implemented without prop...

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Autores: Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro, Godoy, Óscar, Ojeda, Fernando, Repeto Deudero, Irene, Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N., Simmons, Benno I.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/392633
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392633
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85212176581
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Canopy openness
Mediterranean heathland
Persistence
Pine
Pollination
Species interactions
Stability
Tree plantations
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
title Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
spellingShingle Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro
Canopy openness
Mediterranean heathland
Persistence
Pine
Pollination
Species interactions
Stability
Tree plantations
title_short Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
title_full Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
title_fullStr Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
title_full_unstemmed Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
title_sort Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistence
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro
Godoy, Óscar
Ojeda, Fernando
Repeto Deudero, Irene
Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N.
Simmons, Benno I.
author Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro
author_facet Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro
Godoy, Óscar
Ojeda, Fernando
Repeto Deudero, Irene
Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N.
Simmons, Benno I.
author_role author
author2 Godoy, Óscar
Ojeda, Fernando
Repeto Deudero, Irene
Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N.
Simmons, Benno I.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Fundación Biodiversidad
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
European Commission
Universidad de Cádiz
Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro [0000-0002-6752-0348]
Godoy, Óscar [0000-0003-4988-6626]
Ojeda, Fernando [0000-0001-5480-0925]
Repeto Deudero, Irene [0009-0008-2159-6794]
Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N. [0000-0001-7254-3491]
Simmons, Benno I. [0000-0002-2751-9430]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Canopy openness
Mediterranean heathland
Persistence
Pine
Pollination
Species interactions
Stability
Tree plantations
topic Canopy openness
Mediterranean heathland
Persistence
Pine
Pollination
Species interactions
Stability
Tree plantations
description Tree plantations are considered as a solution to reduce the impacts of climate change and can enhance biodiversity. Consequently, many tree planting schemes around the world have been started to achieve these dual objectives. However, many of these tree plantations are being implemented without proper design or post-plantation management, often overlooking potential long-term effects on biodiversity. Therefore, it is essential to identify which aspects of tree plantations can negatively impact biodiversity. Such knowledge is vital to design new plantations and manage existing ones, such that they do not pose threats or additional costs to the conservation of natural ecosystems. To this end, we conducted an observational study in the Mediterranean heathland habitat of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. This treeless habitat, locally known as herriza, has been planted with pine trees until the onset of the 21st century. This historical tree plantation presents a unique natural experiment to assess the long-term effect of tree cover, measured as canopy openness, on several community properties of plant, pollinators and their network of interactions. Our results reveal a strong positive relationship between canopy openness and floristic diversity and abundance. This means that, as we increase tree cover, plant diversity is reduced. We found this has consequences for pollinator diversity and plant–pollinator networks, the latter exhibiting declines in stability. Furthermore, we reveal the importance of woody blooming plants in comparison to non-woody ones which, despite their greater importance for pollinators, they are the most impacted. These findings underscore the importance of tree cover for severely affecting multiple properties of plant–pollinator networks at different levels of organization. Overall, this knowledge indicates that high tree cover in plantations conducted 50 years ago is incompatible with maintaining and conserving plant–pollinator networks in natural treeless habitats, at least in the herriza. Actions that want to avoid negative long-term effects of tree plantations on plant–pollinator communities should consider existing biodiversity before planting and refrain from achieving high tree cover values. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392633
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85212176581
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/392633
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85212176581
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106908RA-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127607OB-I00
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14718
Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro; 2024; Dense afforestation reduces plant-pollinator network diversity and persistence [Dataset]; Zenodo; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11577689; http://hdl.handle.net/10261/410042
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14718
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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spelling Dense afforestation reduces plant–pollinator network diversity and persistencePérez-Gómez, ÁlvaroGodoy, ÓscarOjeda, FernandoRepeto Deudero, IreneKaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N.Simmons, Benno I.Canopy opennessMediterranean heathlandPersistencePinePollinationSpecies interactionsStabilityTree plantationsTree plantations are considered as a solution to reduce the impacts of climate change and can enhance biodiversity. Consequently, many tree planting schemes around the world have been started to achieve these dual objectives. However, many of these tree plantations are being implemented without proper design or post-plantation management, often overlooking potential long-term effects on biodiversity. Therefore, it is essential to identify which aspects of tree plantations can negatively impact biodiversity. Such knowledge is vital to design new plantations and manage existing ones, such that they do not pose threats or additional costs to the conservation of natural ecosystems. To this end, we conducted an observational study in the Mediterranean heathland habitat of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. This treeless habitat, locally known as herriza, has been planted with pine trees until the onset of the 21st century. This historical tree plantation presents a unique natural experiment to assess the long-term effect of tree cover, measured as canopy openness, on several community properties of plant, pollinators and their network of interactions. Our results reveal a strong positive relationship between canopy openness and floristic diversity and abundance. This means that, as we increase tree cover, plant diversity is reduced. We found this has consequences for pollinator diversity and plant–pollinator networks, the latter exhibiting declines in stability. Furthermore, we reveal the importance of woody blooming plants in comparison to non-woody ones which, despite their greater importance for pollinators, they are the most impacted. These findings underscore the importance of tree cover for severely affecting multiple properties of plant–pollinator networks at different levels of organization. Overall, this knowledge indicates that high tree cover in plantations conducted 50 years ago is incompatible with maintaining and conserving plant–pollinator networks in natural treeless habitats, at least in the herriza. Actions that want to avoid negative long-term effects of tree plantations on plant–pollinator communities should consider existing biodiversity before planting and refrain from achieving high tree cover values. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.APG, FO and IRD acknowledge financial support provided by FORPES project (PID2019-106908RA-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). APG and FO acknowledge for the POLINHER project (CA_BT2019) provided by the Fundación Biodiversidad. BIS was supported by a Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Research Fellowship. OG acknowledges financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) and by the European Social Fund through the TASTE (PID2021-127607OB-I00) and BIOTA (EUR2023-143472) projects. APG and IRD also acknowledge Universidad de Cádiz (Plan Propio UCA 2021-2023) for funding short research stays and other activities that significantly improved the quality of the study.Peer reviewedJohn Wiley & SonsMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Fundación BiodiversidadMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionUniversidad de CádizPérez-Gómez, Álvaro [0000-0002-6752-0348]Godoy, Óscar [0000-0003-4988-6626]Ojeda, Fernando [0000-0001-5480-0925]Repeto Deudero, Irene [0009-0008-2159-6794]Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N. [0000-0001-7254-3491]Simmons, Benno I. [0000-0002-2751-9430]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/392633https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85212176581reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-106908RA-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127607OB-I00The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14718Pérez-Gómez, Álvaro; 2024; Dense afforestation reduces plant-pollinator network diversity and persistence [Dataset]; Zenodo; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11577689; http://hdl.handle.net/10261/410042https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14718Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3926332026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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