Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study

Background and Aims: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are vulnerable to respiratory infections and chronic airway inflammation, which leads to diminished respiratory function. This decline is exacerbated by muscle tone abnormalities and reduced strength, worsening as CP progresses. Traditional lung...

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Autores: Casellas-Vidal, Dolors, Osiniri Kippes, Inés, Font Lladó, Raquel, Camós-Carreras, Maria, Ruiz‐Eizmendi, Aintzane, Serrano Ferrer, Juan, Casellas Vidal, Joaquim, López Bermejo, Abel, Prats Puig, Anna
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10256/28031
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10256/28031
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Infants amb paràlisi cerebral
Cerebral palsied children
Infeccions respiratòries en els infants
Respiratory infections in children
Diafragma (Anatomia) -- Ecografia
Diaphragm -- Ultrasonic imaging
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spelling Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control StudyCasellas-Vidal, DolorsOsiniri Kippes, InésFont Lladó, RaquelCamós-Carreras, MariaRuiz‐Eizmendi, AintzaneSerrano Ferrer, JuanCasellas Vidal, JoaquimLópez Bermejo, AbelPrats Puig, AnnaInfants amb paràlisi cerebralCerebral palsied childrenInfeccions respiratòries en els infantsRespiratory infections in childrenDiafragma (Anatomia) -- EcografiaDiaphragm -- Ultrasonic imagingBackground and Aims: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are vulnerable to respiratory infections and chronic airway inflammation, which leads to diminished respiratory function. This decline is exacerbated by muscle tone abnormalities and reduced strength, worsening as CP progresses. Traditional lung function tests are often impractical for those with severe cognitive and motor impairments. Diaphragm evaluation through ultrasound imaging emerges as a non-invasive, easy-to-apply technique for assessing respiratory function in CP children. This study aimed to evaluate diaphragm function in CP and typically developing (TD) children using ultrasound, focusing on diaphragm thickness and excursion parameters. The study also explored factors influencing respiratory function, particularly the number of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Methods: The study included 10 CP (11.2; range 4–17 years) and 12 TD children (8.9 years; range 4–13 years). M-mode ultrasound assessed diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction (TF), and inspiratory slope (IS). Additionally, data on demographics, anthropometrics, medical history, and physical examination were collected. Results: The intra-operator reliability for diaphragm ultrasound measurements showed good to excellent consistency (over 0.86). Significant differences were found between CP and TD children; CP children exhibited lower excursion and IS, with a non-significant trend towards reduced diaphragm thickness. LTRI were associated to decreased excursion and IS, and increased TF in CP children. Conclusions: Diaphragmatic ultrasound is a non-invasive, reproducible tool for assessing respiratory function in both CP and TD children, even in cases of severe cognitive and motor impairment. It effectively identifies diaphragm dysfunction associated with LRTIWiley2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpeer-reviewedapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10256/28031http://hdl.handle.net/10256/28031Health Science Reports, 2026, vol. 9, núm. 1, p. e71644Articles publicats (D-CM)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/hsr2.71644info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/2398-8835Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10256/280312026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
title Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
spellingShingle Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
Casellas-Vidal, Dolors
Infants amb paràlisi cerebral
Cerebral palsied children
Infeccions respiratòries en els infants
Respiratory infections in children
Diafragma (Anatomia) -- Ecografia
Diaphragm -- Ultrasonic imaging
title_short Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
title_full Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
title_fullStr Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
title_sort Ultrasound Assessment of Diaphragmatic Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Case-Control Study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Casellas-Vidal, Dolors
Osiniri Kippes, Inés
Font Lladó, Raquel
Camós-Carreras, Maria
Ruiz‐Eizmendi, Aintzane
Serrano Ferrer, Juan
Casellas Vidal, Joaquim
López Bermejo, Abel
Prats Puig, Anna
author Casellas-Vidal, Dolors
author_facet Casellas-Vidal, Dolors
Osiniri Kippes, Inés
Font Lladó, Raquel
Camós-Carreras, Maria
Ruiz‐Eizmendi, Aintzane
Serrano Ferrer, Juan
Casellas Vidal, Joaquim
López Bermejo, Abel
Prats Puig, Anna
author_role author
author2 Osiniri Kippes, Inés
Font Lladó, Raquel
Camós-Carreras, Maria
Ruiz‐Eizmendi, Aintzane
Serrano Ferrer, Juan
Casellas Vidal, Joaquim
López Bermejo, Abel
Prats Puig, Anna
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Infants amb paràlisi cerebral
Cerebral palsied children
Infeccions respiratòries en els infants
Respiratory infections in children
Diafragma (Anatomia) -- Ecografia
Diaphragm -- Ultrasonic imaging
topic Infants amb paràlisi cerebral
Cerebral palsied children
Infeccions respiratòries en els infants
Respiratory infections in children
Diafragma (Anatomia) -- Ecografia
Diaphragm -- Ultrasonic imaging
description Background and Aims: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are vulnerable to respiratory infections and chronic airway inflammation, which leads to diminished respiratory function. This decline is exacerbated by muscle tone abnormalities and reduced strength, worsening as CP progresses. Traditional lung function tests are often impractical for those with severe cognitive and motor impairments. Diaphragm evaluation through ultrasound imaging emerges as a non-invasive, easy-to-apply technique for assessing respiratory function in CP children. This study aimed to evaluate diaphragm function in CP and typically developing (TD) children using ultrasound, focusing on diaphragm thickness and excursion parameters. The study also explored factors influencing respiratory function, particularly the number of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Methods: The study included 10 CP (11.2; range 4–17 years) and 12 TD children (8.9 years; range 4–13 years). M-mode ultrasound assessed diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction (TF), and inspiratory slope (IS). Additionally, data on demographics, anthropometrics, medical history, and physical examination were collected. Results: The intra-operator reliability for diaphragm ultrasound measurements showed good to excellent consistency (over 0.86). Significant differences were found between CP and TD children; CP children exhibited lower excursion and IS, with a non-significant trend towards reduced diaphragm thickness. LTRI were associated to decreased excursion and IS, and increased TF in CP children. Conclusions: Diaphragmatic ultrasound is a non-invasive, reproducible tool for assessing respiratory function in both CP and TD children, even in cases of severe cognitive and motor impairment. It effectively identifies diaphragm dysfunction associated with LRTI
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
peer-reviewed
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10256/28031
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/28031
url http://hdl.handle.net/10256/28031
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/hsr2.71644
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/2398-8835
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Health Science Reports, 2026, vol. 9, núm. 1, p. e71644
Articles publicats (D-CM)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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